Kaplan Biology: Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Universal Donor
O-
Universal Recipient
AB
what is the inheritance pattern of Rh factors
rH positivity is autosomal DOMINANT
which valve is stationed between RIGHT atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
which valve is stationed between LEFT atrium and LEFT ventricle
bicuspid/mitral valve
which valves are found between the heart and the pulmonary systems? How many leaflets?
semilunar valves, each with three leaflets.
where is the pulmonary valve found
the valve that separates the RIGHT ventricle from pulmonary circulatioN
the ___ valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta
aortic valve.
what are the heart sounds caused by?
“LUB” = closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole
“DUB” closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic valves).
the greatest amount of resistance is provided by the ____, which also results in the greatest drop of BP
arterioles
which blood vessel type has the lowest blood pressure
arterioles.
equation for cardiac output
CO = HR x SV
all blood vessels are lined with ___ cells
endothelial cells
types of granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
types of agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
when a monocyte migrates to a new organ from the bone marrow, they turn into specific ____
macrophages (ex/ microglia)
lymphocytes can mature into ____ cells, respnosible for antibody response
B cells.
what type of cells produce thrombocytes
megakaryocytes.
_____ is secreted by the liver and kidneys to stimulate platelet development
thrombopoietin.
Resistance equation for a blood vessel
R = (8Ln)/(pi r^4)
n= viscosity
the longer the blood vessel the ___ resistance. the larger the cross sectional area of a blood vessel, the ___ resistance.
the longer the blood vessel the MORE resistance. the larger the cross sectional area of a blood vessel, the LESS resistance.
role of atrial natiuretic peptide
its a hormone secreted by the atrial cells that help DECREASE blood pressure by promoting excess Na+ excretion. works effectively the opposite as aldosterone. increases urine output ad promotes fluid loss when blood pressure is too high.
hydrostatic pressur
pressure that blood exerts against the vessel wall. Pushes fluid OUT of the bloodstream and into the intersitium through the capillary walls.
osmotic pressure
succking pressure generated by proteins and solutes as the attempt tto draw water intot he blood stream
opposing forces that make up the Starling Forces
hydrostatic pressure and osmotic/oncotic pressure.
prothrombin is converted to thrombin via the enzyme
thromboplastic
fibrinogen is converted to fibrin via the enzyme
thrombin.
role of plasmin
breaks down the clot.
intrinsic pathway of coagulation
activated by trauma inside the vascular system. often a response to the detection of collagen, exposed endothelium or platelets.
extrinsic pathway of coagulation. What factor gets recruited in this cascade?
activated by external tissue damage and involves the recruitment of tissue factor.
