Kaplan Biology: Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Universal Donor

Answer 1

O-

Question 2

Universal Recipient

Answer 2

AB

Question 3

what is the inheritance pattern of Rh factors

Answer 3

rH positivity is autosomal DOMINANT

Question 4

which valve is stationed between RIGHT atrium and right ventricle

Answer 4

tricuspid valve

Question 5

which valve is stationed between LEFT atrium and LEFT ventricle

Answer 5

bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 6

which valves are found between the heart and the pulmonary systems? How many leaflets?

Answer 6

semilunar valves, each with three leaflets.

Question 7

where is the pulmonary valve found

Answer 7

the valve that separates the RIGHT ventricle from pulmonary circulatioN

Question 8

the ___ valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Answer 8

aortic valve.

Question 9

what are the heart sounds caused by?

Answer 9

“LUB” = closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole

“DUB” closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic valves).

Question 10

the greatest amount of resistance is provided by the ____, which also results in the greatest drop of BP

Answer 10

arterioles

Question 11

which blood vessel type has the lowest blood pressure

Answer 11

arterioles.

Question 12

equation for cardiac output

Answer 12

CO = HR x SV

Question 13

all blood vessels are lined with ___ cells

Answer 13

endothelial cells

Question 14

types of granulocytes

Answer 14

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 15

types of agranulocytes

Answer 15

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 16

when a monocyte migrates to a new organ from the bone marrow, they turn into specific ____

Answer 16

macrophages (ex/ microglia)

Question 17

lymphocytes can mature into ____ cells, respnosible for antibody response

Answer 17

B cells.

Question 18

what type of cells produce thrombocytes

Answer 18

megakaryocytes.

Question 19

_____ is secreted by the liver and kidneys to stimulate platelet development

Answer 19

thrombopoietin.

Question 20

Resistance equation for a blood vessel

Answer 20

R = (8Ln)/(pi r^4)

n= viscosity

Question 21

the longer the blood vessel the ___ resistance. the larger the cross sectional area of a blood vessel, the ___ resistance.

Answer 21

the longer the blood vessel the MORE resistance. the larger the cross sectional area of a blood vessel, the LESS resistance.

Question 22

role of atrial natiuretic peptide

Answer 22

its a hormone secreted by the atrial cells that help DECREASE blood pressure by promoting excess Na+ excretion. works effectively the opposite as aldosterone. increases urine output ad promotes fluid loss when blood pressure is too high.

Question 23

hydrostatic pressur

Answer 23

pressure that blood exerts against the vessel wall. Pushes fluid OUT of the bloodstream and into the intersitium through the capillary walls.

Question 24

osmotic pressure

Answer 24

succking pressure generated by proteins and solutes as the attempt tto draw water intot he blood stream

Question 25

opposing forces that make up the Starling Forces

Answer 25

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic/oncotic pressure.

Question 26

prothrombin is converted to thrombin via the enzyme

Answer 26

thromboplastic

Question 27

fibrinogen is converted to fibrin via the enzyme

Answer 27

thrombin.

Question 28

role of plasmin

Answer 28

breaks down the clot.

Question 29

intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 29

activated by trauma inside the vascular system. often a response to the detection of collagen, exposed endothelium or platelets.

Question 30

extrinsic pathway of coagulation. What factor gets recruited in this cascade?

Answer 30

activated by external tissue damage and involves the recruitment of tissue factor.