Kaplan Organic Chemistry: Chapter 2 Isomerism

Question 1

name

Answer 1

amide

Question 2

name compound

Answer 2

formic acid

Question 3

name compound

Answer 3

acetone

Question 4

name

Answer 4

imine

Question 5

name

Answer 5

imide

Question 6

name

Answer 6

thioether

Question 7

name

Answer 7

sulfoxide

Question 8

name

Answer 8

ether

Question 9

gauche conformation

Answer 9

staggered conformation when 2 largest groups attached to adjacent carbons are only 60 degrees apart.

Question 10

syn conformation

Answer 10

eclipsed conformation when 2 largest groups are interfering with one another

Question 11

least stable newman projection

Answer 11

eclipsed. staggered/anti is the most stable

Question 12

when can gauche conformation be more stable than anti conformation(when 2 largest groups are 180 degrees apart)?

Answer 12

when gauche conformation can allow for intermolecular hydrogen bonds can form.

Question 13

if the ring has a large substituent, it is more stable if the substituent is ____

Answer 13

equitorial- to reduce 1,3, diaxial interactions.

Question 14

if an atom is facing into the page, it is going ___ on a chair structure. If an atom is facing OUT of the page, it is going ___ on the chair structure.

Answer 14

if an atom is facing into the page, it is going DOWN on a chair structure. If an atom is facing OUT of the page, it is going UP on the chair structure.

Question 15

in Chan-Ingold-Prelog rules, R is ___ and S is ___

Answer 15

R is clockwise, S is counterclockwise.

Question 16

in a fischer projection, verticla lines = ____page, and horizontal lines = ____ page

Answer 16

in a fischer projection, verticla lines = INTO page, and horizontal lines = OUT page

VBAC- vertical-back, ( and thus, horizontal, out)

Question 17

Right on fischer = ____ on haworth, left on fischer = ___ on haworth.

Answer 17

Right on fischer = DOWN on haworth, left on fischer = UP on haworth.

Question 18

equation for number of stereoisomers

Answer 18

2^n

Question 19

configuration differences in enantiomers

Answer 19

nonsuperimposable mirror images. will have OPPOSITE configurations from each other (R+S).

Question 20

differences between diastereomers and enantiomers

Answer 20

diastereomers are NON mirror images, but are still chiral.

Question 21

epimer

Answer 21

a type of diastereomer that differs in absolute config at 1 chiral center.

Question 22

anomer

Answer 22

epimers that result from ring close.

Question 23

geometric iosmer

Answer 23

diastereomers that differ around a ring OR double bond. cis or trans.

Question 24

T/F: meso compounds are optically active

Answer 24

false. meso compounds are not optically active.

Question 25

n is the ___ number. What values can it hold? what PROPERTIES does it denote

Answer 25

n= principle number. all positive integers n = 1,2,3..

denotes orbital SIZE and energy LEVEL

Question 26

l is the ___, aka ____ momentum. what values can it be? what property does it denote?

Answer 26

l = secondary number aka ANGULAR momentum.

0=s, 1=p, 2=d, 3=f.

the larger the number, the further the electrons get from the nucleus and are easier to eject. the more “s” character, the more energy is released when e- gets ejected

properties: orbital shape.

Question 27

why is it harder for an sp hybridized atom to eject an electron than an sp3 hybridized atom

Answer 27

the more s character, the closer the e- are to the nucleus, meaning that the electrons are harder to eject because they are mroe drawn.

Question 28

M(l) denotes ___ ____ number. what values can it hold? What property does it denote?

Answer 28

Ml denotes the MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER. can range from values of -l to +1. identifies orbial orientation in space.

Question 29

ms is the __ __. What values can it hold? What property does it signify?

Answer 29

ms is the SPIN NUMBER. can be +1/2 or -1/2. denotes the electron spin direction.

Question 30

are ketones more polar than alcohols

Answer 30

no. alcohols are more polar than ketones because the O is directly bonded to an H.

Question 31

a lewis acid forms ___ __ bonds, where electrons in the bond come from the same starting atom

Answer 31

COORDINATE COVALENT.

Question 32

lewis vs bronsted acid

lewis vs bronsted base

Answer 32

lewis acid: electron acceptor

lewis base: electron donor

bronsted acid: proton donor

bronsted base: proton acceptor.