Kaplan Organic Chemistry: Chapter 2 Isomerism Flashcards
name
amide
name compound
formic acid
name compound
acetone
name
imine
name
imide
name
thioether
name
sulfoxide
name
ether
gauche conformation
staggered conformation when 2 largest groups attached to adjacent carbons are only 60 degrees apart.
syn conformation
eclipsed conformation when 2 largest groups are interfering with one another
least stable newman projection
eclipsed. staggered/anti is the most stable
when can gauche conformation be more stable than anti conformation(when 2 largest groups are 180 degrees apart)?
when gauche conformation can allow for intermolecular hydrogen bonds can form.
if the ring has a large substituent, it is more stable if the substituent is ____
equitorial- to reduce 1,3, diaxial interactions.
if an atom is facing into the page, it is going ___ on a chair structure. If an atom is facing OUT of the page, it is going ___ on the chair structure.
if an atom is facing into the page, it is going DOWN on a chair structure. If an atom is facing OUT of the page, it is going UP on the chair structure.
in Chan-Ingold-Prelog rules, R is ___ and S is ___
R is clockwise, S is counterclockwise.
in a fischer projection, verticla lines = ____page, and horizontal lines = ____ page
in a fischer projection, verticla lines = INTO page, and horizontal lines = OUT page
VBAC- vertical-back, ( and thus, horizontal, out)
Right on fischer = ____ on haworth, left on fischer = ___ on haworth.
Right on fischer = DOWN on haworth, left on fischer = UP on haworth.
equation for number of stereoisomers
2^n
configuration differences in enantiomers
nonsuperimposable mirror images. will have OPPOSITE configurations from each other (R+S).
differences between diastereomers and enantiomers
diastereomers are NON mirror images, but are still chiral.
epimer
a type of diastereomer that differs in absolute config at 1 chiral center.
anomer
epimers that result from ring close.
geometric iosmer
diastereomers that differ around a ring OR double bond. cis or trans.
T/F: meso compounds are optically active
false. meso compounds are not optically active.
n is the ___ number. What values can it hold? what PROPERTIES does it denote
n= principle number. all positive integers n = 1,2,3..
denotes orbital SIZE and energy LEVEL
l is the ___, aka ____ momentum. what values can it be? what property does it denote?
l = secondary number aka ANGULAR momentum.
0=s, 1=p, 2=d, 3=f.
the larger the number, the further the electrons get from the nucleus and are easier to eject. the more āsā character, the more energy is released when e- gets ejected
properties: orbital shape.
why is it harder for an sp hybridized atom to eject an electron than an sp3 hybridized atom
the more s character, the closer the e- are to the nucleus, meaning that the electrons are harder to eject because they are mroe drawn.
M(l) denotes ___ ____ number. what values can it hold? What property does it denote?
Ml denotes the MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER. can range from values of -l to +1. identifies orbial orientation in space.
ms is the __ __. What values can it hold? What property does it signify?
ms is the SPIN NUMBER. can be +1/2 or -1/2. denotes the electron spin direction.
are ketones more polar than alcohols
no. alcohols are more polar than ketones because the O is directly bonded to an H.
a lewis acid forms ___ __ bonds, where electrons in the bond come from the same starting atom
COORDINATE COVALENT.
lewis vs bronsted acid
lewis vs bronsted base
lewis acid: electron acceptor
lewis base: electron donor
bronsted acid: proton donor
bronsted base: proton acceptor.
