Kaplan Organic Chemistry: Chapter 8 Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

What type of alcohol is needed to synthesize a carboxylic acid

Answer 1

a primary alcohol. 2’ and 3’ alcohols cannot be oxidized to carboxylic acids because they already have at least two bonds to other carbons. 2’ alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones however.

Question 2

how can you make an amide

Answer 2

carboxylic acid + ammonia –> amide.

Question 3

cyclic amide

Answer 3

lactam.

Question 4

are amides in a resonance state

Answer 4

yes, delocalization of electrons occurs between the oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Question 5

esterfication is a ___ reactions using what reactants?

Answer 5

condensation reaction using a CA and an ALCOHOL in ACID.

Question 6

cyclic ester

Answer 6

lactone.

Question 7

how is an anhydride formed

Answer 7

by condensation of TWO CAs. occurs under HEAT

Question 8

reduction of a carboxylic acid results iN:

Answer 8

a primary alcohol.

Question 9

what is saponification

Answer 9

when a long chain carboxylic acid reacts with NaOH or KOH to form a salt.