Kaplan Chemistry: Chapter 3 Bonding

Question 1

most formal optimal charge

Answer 1

FC= V-(0.5B)-L

Question 2

if having a formal charge isn’t possivle, put the chargeg on the most ____ atom

Answer 2

electronegative.

Question 3

the less formal charges on the resonance strcuture, the more ___ that form of the molecule

Answer 3

more stable.

Question 4

homolytic bond cleavage

Answer 4

both e- of the bond goes to EACH atom.

Question 5

heterolytic bond cleavage

Answer 5

both e- goes to ONE atom, and the other atom does not get any electrons

Question 6

which type of cleavage results in cations or anions

Answer 6

heterolytic bond cleavage.

Question 7

covalent vs coordinate covalent bond

Answer 7

covalent: e- is shared and donated by BOTh atoms

coordinate covalent: one atom donates BOTH e- in a covalent bond for both atoms to share.

Question 8

nonmetal and transition metals tend to form which type of bonds?

Answer 8

coordinate covalent bonds. nonmetals donate both e- to to make a bond.

Question 9

electric field lines on positive and negative charges

Answer 9

+ charges lines project outwards

- charge lines project inwards

Question 10

of stereoisomers

Answer 10

2^n

n= number of chiral centers.

Question 11

an sp hybridized molecule has bond angles of ___ and an orbital geometry of ___

Answer 11

an sp hybridized molecule has bond angles of 180 and an orbital geometry of LINEAR

Question 12

an sp2 hybridized molecule has bond angles of ___ and an orbital geometry

Answer 12

sp2: 120 degrees, trigonal planar

Question 13

an sp3 hybridized molecule has bond angles of ___ and an orbital geometry of ___

Answer 13

sp3: 109 degrees, tetrahedral

Question 14

an sp3d2 hybridized molecule has bond anges of __- and an orbital geometry of ___

Answer 14

bond angles of 90 degrees and an orbital geometry of octahedral (SF6)

Question 15

what type of intermolecular force is necessary for condensation of gas into a liquid

Answer 15

london dispersion forces. Bigger atoms = more LDFS = harder for larger atoms to be in “liquid” form

Question 16

the more intermolecular interactions, the ___ the BP

Answer 16

higher the boiling points

Question 17

examples of vanderwaal forces

Answer 17

1) dipole dipole
2) dipole induced dipole (permanent)
3) london dispersion forces (all moelcules have this, its related to MW)
4) H bonding.

Question 18

vapor pressure is the ability to ___

Answer 18

evaporate

Question 19

low boiling point = ____ vapor pressure

Answer 19

low BP = HIGH BP = easily evaporates.

Question 20

weak intermolecular forces = ____ VP, = more ___

Answer 20

weak intermolecular forces = HIGH VAPOUR PRESSURE = more VOLATILE

Question 21

what exactly is vapour pressure

Answer 21

the pressure exerted by the gaseous phase of a liquid that had evaporated from the exposed surface of a liquid.

the higher the pressure, the more gas is present, indicating that this molecule “likes” to evaporate rather than stay in liquid form.

Question 22

higher temperatures = ____ Vapour pressure

Answer 22

higher temperatures results in HIGHER VAPOUR PRESSUES because of higher KE to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together in a liquid state.

Question 23

what is a molecular solid

Answer 23

a solid held together by intermolecular forces (HBs, LDFs)
molecular solids are often liquid at room temp.
Ex/ Ice.

Question 24

boiling point is when Vapour pressure =

Answer 24

BP is when vapour pressure equals ambient pressure.