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biochem > (P) Nucleic Acids and Code of Life (ppt-based) > Flashcards

(P) Nucleic Acids and Code of Life (ppt-based) Flashcards

1
Q

Who postulated the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

Francis Crick

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2
Q

How will RNA form appropriate proteins?

A

Translation

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3
Q

process that produces new
DNA molecules

A

replication

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4
Q

Refers to the 2 strands of the DNA being separated & each single single strand resulting in the formation of 2 daughter strand each of which is an exact copy of the original molecule.

A

semiconservative

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5
Q

What phase does DNA replication occur?

A

S Phase

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6
Q

T or F. DNA replication is BIDIRECTIONAL.

A

T

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7
Q

points at which new polynucleotide chains are formed

A

replication forks

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8
Q

How many replication forks per origin of replication?

A

2

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9
Q

separates the DNA strands; breaks the H-bonds between the base pairs

A

Helicase

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10
Q

prevents the separated template stands from reforming double helix; prevent degradation of ssDNA

A

SSB proteins

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11
Q

how does SSB proteins prevent degradation?

A

by exonucleases

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12
Q

This reaction catalyzes the copying of a short stretch of the DNA template strand to produce RNA primer sequence

A

Primase reaction

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13
Q

Major enzyme; starter of the DNA replication

A

primase

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14
Q

A DNA polymerase requires a____ to start DNA synthesis

A

primer

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15
Q

provides the OH grp where the new nucleotide is added

A

RNA primer

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16
Q

It begins synthesizing DNA in the 5’->3’ direction, begining at 3’ end of RNA fragment

A

DNA polymerase III

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17
Q

an enzyme responsible for joining the nucleotide triphosphate fragments to produce daughter strands of DNA.

A

DNA polymerase

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18
Q

How is the leading strand synthesized?

A

CONTINUOUSLY in the 5’-> 3’ direction toward the replication fork

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19
Q

How is the lagging strand synthesized?

A

semidiscontinuously in 5’->3’ direction away from the replication fork

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19
Q

requirement of DNA polymerase

A

all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs): dTTP , dATP, dGTP, and dCTP, Mg2+, and an RNA primer

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20
Q

synthesis, proofreading, and repair
of lagging strand

A

DNA Pol 1

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21
Q

replaces the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides in lagging strand.

A

DNA Pol 1

22
Q

proofreading &repair enzymes

A

DNA Pol II, IV, and V

23
Q

the main enzyme of DNA synthesis

A

DNA Pol III

24
Q

this enzyme simultaneously produce DNA on both leading strand and lagging strand

A

DNA Pol III

25
Q

In removing RNA primers, what enzyme is used in eukaryotes?

A

RNAase H

26
Q

What happens after the removal of RNA primers in eukaryotes?

A

the DNA pol. fills the gap with DNA

27
Q

In removing RNA primers, what enzyme is used in prokaryotes?

A

DNA pol I: removes the primer (5’-3’ exonuclease activity)

28
Q

What happens after the removal of RNA primers in prokaryotes?

A

synthesis of new DNA

29
Q

refers to removal of incorrect nucleotides immediately after they are added to the growing DNA during the replication process.

A

Proof reading

30
Q

What is the proof reading activity?

A

DNA Pol 1; 3’ exonuclease activity - remove the incorrect nucleotide

31
Q

T or F. Replication repeats when the correct nucleotide is added after proofreading.

A

F (resume lang, ‘di n sya uulit beh)

32
Q

Seals the gap between the Okazaki pieces (DNA fragments)

A

DNA ligase

33
Q

In sealing the nicks using DNA ligase, it forms which kind of bond?

A

phosphodiester bonds

34
Q

T or F. In eukaryotes, polymerases are also exonucleases.

A

F (prokaryotes)

35
Q

T or F. Prokaryotes have longer okazaki fragments of 1000 to 2000 residues compares to eukaryotes of 150-200 long

A

T

36
Q

T or F. Prokaryotes have histones that are normally complexed to DNA.

A

F (eukaryotes)

37
Q

T or F

both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have multiple ori (origin of replication) sites per chromosome

A

F (prokaryotes only have one ori site per chromosome)

38
Q

Unwinds the DNA double helix for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

helicase

39
Q

this enzyme synthesizes RNA primers

A

primase

40
Q

T or F
Double-stranded-DNA binding proteins (DSB) stabilizes unwound template strands

A

F Single stranded dna binding proteins (ssb)

41
Q

this enzyme synthesizes the lagging and leading strand in prokaryotic cells

A

DNA polymerase III

42
Q

Synthesizes the leading and lagging strand in eukaryotic cells

A

DNA polymerases alpha and delta

43
Q

Removes RNA primers for prokaryotes

A

DNA polumerase I

44
Q

Removes RNA primers for eukaryotes

A

RNAase H

45
Q

Joins Okazaki fragments

A

DNA ligase

46
Q

Removes positive supercoils instead of advancing replication forks

A

DNA topoisomerase II

47
Q

Main polymerizing enzyme in prokaryotes

A

polymerase III

48
Q

Main polymerizing enzyme in eukaryotes

A

polymerase delta

49
Q

T or F Not all polymerases are exonucleases in eukaryotes

A

T

50
Q

T or F There are no proteins complexed to DNA in prokaryotes

A

T

51
Q

this are complexed to DNA in eukaryotic cells

A

Histones

52
Q

T or F
in Eukaryotes, Okazaki fragments are 250 - 300 residues long

A

F (150-200)

53
Q

length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes

A

1000-2000 Residues long

biochem (31 decks)

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