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biochem > (F) immunology > Flashcards

(F) immunology Flashcards

1
Q

study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced to the body

A

immunology

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2
Q

non-self antigen that enters the body

A

foreign substances

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3
Q

three types of infections

A

viral, bacterial, and parasitic

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4
Q

Enumerate three roles of immune system

A
  1. defend against infection
  2. recognize and respond to foreign antigen
  3. defend body against tumor development
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5
Q

where does tumors come from

A

cancer cell that has proliferated

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6
Q

condition of being resistant to infection

A

immunity

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7
Q

Recognition of foreign substances and subsequent production of antibodies to these substances

A

immunity

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8
Q

innate and natural immunity, non-specific, present at birth

A

natural immunity

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9
Q

how does a person develop natural immunity

A

you get it from birth, and enhanced as you mature

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10
Q

barriers that prevent infectious agents from entering the body

A

External Defense mechanism

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11
Q

Use this card to familiarize yourself with structural / physical barriers examples

A

intact skin,
mucuous membranes of respiratory and GI tract
ciliated epithelium
lacrimal apparatus
sweat and sebaceous glands

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12
Q

peristaltic movement of intestine is what type of external defense mechanism

A

mechanical barriers

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13
Q

what are the three examples of chemical barriers

A

acid pH
lysozyme
lactoferrin

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14
Q

barrier that recognizes molecules unique to infectious organism

A

internal defense mechanism

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15
Q

enumerate the three internal defense mechanisms

A

physiological factors
basic polypeptides
interferons

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16
Q

mediator of inflammatory response

Internal defense mechanism

A

complement

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17
Q

normal serum constituents that increase rapidly by 25% due to infection, injury, or trauma to tissues are present

Natural immunity: Internal defense mechansm

A

Acute phase reactants

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18
Q

use this card to familiarize yourself with Acute phase reactants

A

CRP c reactive protein
Serum amyloid A
Alpha 1
Anti trypsin
haptoglobin
Fibrinogen

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19
Q

cell process that defends the body against pathogen

A type of natural immunity

A

cellular defense mechanism

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20
Q

50 -70 % of total peripheral white blood cells

A

neutrophil

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21
Q

what does a high neutrophil count indicate?

A

bacterial infection

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22
Q

This is characterized by granules in cells

A

granulocytes

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23
Q

this is characterized by lack of granules in cells

A

agranulocytes

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24
Q

Does neutrophil have granules in its cell

A

yes (granulocyte)

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25
Q

what type of granules are enzymes like myeloperoxidase, elastase, proteinase 3, lysozyme, cathepsin G, and defensins

A

primary granules

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26
Q

what type of granules are collagenase, lactoferrin, lysozyme, reduced NADPH oxidase

A

secondary granules

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27
Q

what are the granules that contain gelatinase and plasminogen together

A

tertiary granules

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28
Q

These increase in cases of allergic reactions and parasitic infection

cellular defense mechanism

A

eosinophils

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29
Q

Do eosinophils contain granules in their cells

A

yes (granulocyte)

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30
Q

These increase in cases of allergies and general infection

A

basophil

31
Q

basophil commonly increases in cases of _______

A

allergies

32
Q

this contains acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and protein

cellular defense mechanism

A

mast cells

33
Q

do basophils have granules in their cells?

A

yes (granulocytes)

34
Q

The largest WBC

Natural immunity: cellular defense mechanism

A

monocyte

35
Q

engulfs foreign material

A

phagocytes

36
Q

phagocyte in blood

A

Monocyte

37
Q

larger monocytes on tissue

A

tissue macrophages

38
Q

Main function is to phagocytose foreign antigen and present it to helper T lymphocytes

Natural Immunity: cellular defense mechanism

A

dendritic cell

39
Q

adaptive immunity, specific reaction

A

acquired

40
Q

T or F

In acquired immunity, it will be stronger the second time it encounters a particular pathogen

A

T

41
Q

Allows body to recognize, remember and respond to specific stimulus, an antigen

A

adaptive immunity

42
Q

Allows host to respond more effectively if re-infection with the same microorganism occurs

A

adaptive immunity

43
Q

Key cells involved in immune response

Acquired Immunity: cellular

A

lymphocytes

44
Q

diameter of lymphocytes

A

7-10 micrometer

45
Q

A lymphocyte has _________ and may be ________

A

large rounded nucleus, may be indented

46
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs of lymphocytes

A

bone marrow and thymus

47
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs of lymphocytes

A

spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils, and other mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

48
Q

Where is t lymph found

A

thymus
note lang: it is produced in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus

49
Q

Where is b lymphocytes found

A

bone marrow

50
Q

produces cellular Immune responses, involved in antibody reaction regulation, in conjunction with B lymphocytes

A

t lymphocytes

51
Q

what are early surface markers on thymocytes

A

CD 44 and CD25

52
Q

this directly eliminates foreign antigen or infected cell

A

T lymphocytes

53
Q

This lymphocyte has the capacity to produce antibodies after differentiation into plasma cells

A

b lymphocytes

54
Q

These can produce a wide range of cytokines and chemokines

A

Activated b cells

55
Q

these 2 modulates the maturation, migration, and function of other immune effector cells

A

cytokines and chemokines

56
Q

b lymphocytes can expand _______, allowing them to be the numerically dominant APCs

A

clonally

57
Q

these are larger than t and b cells, cytolytic, produces a non-specific reaction, and is involved in cell lysis / destruction

A

NK Cells (Natural killer)

58
Q

what is the diameter of NK cells

A

15 micrometer

59
Q

NK cells contain a ____ shaped nuclei with condensed chromatin and prominent nucleoli

A

kidney-shaped

60
Q

Can mediate cytolitic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure to them

Acquired Immunity: cellular

A

NK Cells

61
Q

what are the clusters of differentiation for NK cells

A

CD16, CD56, CD94

62
Q

what are the two main types of adaptive immunity

A

active and passive

63
Q

adaptive immunity that is created after encountering a pathogen

A

active natural

64
Q

adaptive immunity that is created after vaccination

A

active artificial

65
Q

adaptive immunity that is passed to you by your mother at birth

A

passive natural

66
Q

adaptive immunity that is created after being given a blood product

A

passive artificial

67
Q

enumerate the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, function laesa

68
Q

redness of the area (incision area) where infection occurred / entered

A

rubor

69
Q

generation of heat because of increased blood flow of area

A

calor

70
Q

swelling

cardinal signs

A

tumor

71
Q

patient suffers from pain

cardinal signs

A

dolor

72
Q

part inflamed cannot be used (loss of function)

cardinal signs

A

functio laesa

73
Q

congrats you’ve reached the end of the cards!

A

let nath know what is your favorite dessert

biochem (31 decks)

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