(F) Metabolism I (book-based) Flashcards

1
Q

Has the same structure as ATP, with 1 less
phosphate group

A

ADP

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2
Q

3 explanations how ATP/ADP generate high energy.

A
  • electrostatic repulsion
  • ionization and resonance
  • entropy rises
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3
Q
  • Major electron acceptor for catabolic reaction
  • oxidize alcohol groups to carbonyl
    groups
  • essential molecule in many metabolic processes like beta-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle
A

NAD+

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4
Q

responsible for contributing electrons to the ETC to drive oxidative phosphorylation and also pyruvate during fermentation processes

A

NADH

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5
Q

major electron donator for anabolic reactions

A

NADPH

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6
Q
  • synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors and is crucial to the maintenance of blood glucose levels during starvation or during vigorous exercise
  • occurs primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney
  • important precursors of glucose in animals are three-carbon compounds such as lactate, pyruvate and glycerol as well as certain amino acids
  • process of conversion of pyruvate to glucose
A

gluconeogenesis

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7
Q

process of conversion of glucose to
pyruvate

A

glycolysis

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8
Q

What is needed to convert to oxaloacetate?

A

pyruvate

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9
Q

After the conversion of pyruvate, it is decarboxylated and phosphorylated to?

A

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase

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10
Q

finally, glucose 6-phosphate is dephosphorylated by glucose 6- phosphatase to yield?

A

glucose

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11
Q

main source of glucose carbons for gluconeogenesis is?

A

Alanine

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12
Q

derived from the breakdown of muscle proteins

A

alanine

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13
Q

T or F. fatty acids cannot be transformed to glucose and other sugars

A

T

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14
Q

what supplies pentoses to NADPH

A

Pentose Phosphate Shunt

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15
Q

a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides

A

ribose-5-phosphate

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16
Q

What is the oxidative conversion of NADPH?

A

(glucose-6-phosphate, to) ribose-5-phosphate

17
Q

a key biosynthetic intermediate in nucleic acid synthesis

A

ribose-5-phosphate

18
Q

used for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids

A

erthyrose-4-phosphate

19
Q

what branch is important in reductive biosynthesis as it is a major source of the reductant NADPH used in biosynthetic reactions

A

oxidative branch

20
Q

There is the continued production of NADPH and converting glucose 6-phosphate (in six cycles) to?

A

CO2

21
Q

source of carbon atoms for the synthesis of more complex lipids such as fatty acids, sterols and isoprenoids

A

Acetyl-CoA

22
Q

When energy demands in a cell are not high, citrate, the condensation product of acetylCoA and in TCA cycle, builds up in the?

A

mitochondrial matrix

23
Q

The citrate that is build up in the mitochondrial matrix is then carried by the citrate transporter (an inner mitochondrial membrane protein) to the cytoplasm, where it is split back to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA by the cytoplasmic enzyme, titled?

A

citrate lyase

24
Q

The acetyl-CoA formed in the cytoplasm can then be used in reductive biosynthesis using NADPH as the reductant to form?

A

fatty acids, isoprenoids, and sterols

25
Q

T or F. Reactions cannot be coupled together.

A

F (can; this occurs when the phosphorylation of glucose is coupled to the hydrolysis of one phosphate group of ATP)

26
Q

T or F. We can add the phosphorylation of glucose and the hydrolysis of ATP together to determine the overall energy change and make sure that, overall, it is exergonic.

A

T

27
Q

a non protein substance that
takes part in an enzymatic reaction and is
regenerated at the end of the reaction

A

coenzyme

28
Q

Written as a reversible reaction because the
occurrence of oxidation or reduction depends
on the other reagents present

A

oxidation half reaction

29
Q

stronger oxidizing agents than NAD1 and NADP1

A

FLAVIN

30
Q

T or F. Flavins can be reduced by both one-electron and two-electron pathways and can be reoxidized easily by molecular oxygen.

A

T

31
Q

Enzymes that use flavins to carry out their reactions

A

flavoenzymes

32
Q

T or F. The energy of hydrolysis of ATP is not stored energy.

A

T (just as an electric current does not represent stored energy)

33
Q

T or F, The reduction processes take place when the organism needs the energy that can be generated by the hydrolysis of ATP

A

F (oxidation)

34
Q

Understand ATP in Cell Signaling

A

read it sa page 17 ng senior’s transes

Understanding ko
- The free phosphates and ADP is recycled into ATP in the mitochondria then used, once delivered in the cytoplasm

35
Q

In what form these coenzymes serve as the intermediate oxidizing agents needed in catabolism

A

oxidized

36
Q

In what form the same coenzymes provide the “reducing power” needed for the anabolic processes of biosynthesis

A

reduced

37
Q

Understand the Role of Electron Transfer and ATP Production in Metabolism

A

input ur summarized understanding here

38
Q

Activation in bioenergetics involves a metabolite (a component of a metabolic pathway) bonding to some other molecule, such as a?

A

coenzyme and freeenergy change (for breaking this new bond is negative)

39
Q

You have reached the end of this flashcards.

A

This flashcard is awarded to a girlie pop in recognition of their successful completion of BIOCHEM METABOLISM 1. Your hard work, determination, and commitment to academic excellence have enabled you to achieve this significant milestone, and we are proud to recognize your achievement.