(F) Metabolism I (book-based) Flashcards
Has the same structure as ATP, with 1 less
phosphate group
ADP
3 explanations how ATP/ADP generate high energy.
- electrostatic repulsion
- ionization and resonance
- entropy rises
- Major electron acceptor for catabolic reaction
- oxidize alcohol groups to carbonyl
groups - essential molecule in many metabolic processes like beta-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle
NAD+
responsible for contributing electrons to the ETC to drive oxidative phosphorylation and also pyruvate during fermentation processes
NADH
major electron donator for anabolic reactions
NADPH
- synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors and is crucial to the maintenance of blood glucose levels during starvation or during vigorous exercise
- occurs primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney
- important precursors of glucose in animals are three-carbon compounds such as lactate, pyruvate and glycerol as well as certain amino acids
- process of conversion of pyruvate to glucose
gluconeogenesis
process of conversion of glucose to
pyruvate
glycolysis
What is needed to convert to oxaloacetate?
pyruvate
After the conversion of pyruvate, it is decarboxylated and phosphorylated to?
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase
finally, glucose 6-phosphate is dephosphorylated by glucose 6- phosphatase to yield?
glucose
main source of glucose carbons for gluconeogenesis is?
Alanine
derived from the breakdown of muscle proteins
alanine
T or F. fatty acids cannot be transformed to glucose and other sugars
T
what supplies pentoses to NADPH
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides
ribose-5-phosphate