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biochem > (M) Lipids part 1 (ppt and lec based) > Flashcards

(M) Lipids part 1 (ppt and lec based) Flashcards

1
Q

Composes lipids

A

heterogenous group of compounds

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2
Q

Are lipids informational or non informational macromolecules?

A

non-informational

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3
Q

What does it mean for a molecule to be non-informational

A

does not carry info

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4
Q

2 common characteristics of lipids

A

low solubility in water and

high solubility in organic non-polar solvents

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5
Q

Where are lipids soluble in

A

organic non-polar solvents

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6
Q

why are lipids hydrophobic?

A

it is comprised of hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Why are lipids SLIGHTLY soluble in water

A

polar head (carboxyl group)

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8
Q

use this card to familiarize yourself with lipid functions :>

A
  1. Fuel
  2. thermal insulation
  3. cell membrane components
  4. building blocks / precursors
  5. provides protection
  6. lipoproteins
  7. essential for normal growth and function
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9
Q

how are lipids building blocks/ precursors?

A

These forms hormones

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10
Q

how does fat help us with thermal insulation and protect us?

A

fats acts as cushion, protecting our organs from blunt trauma and acts as a blanket

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11
Q

how much energy does lipid yield

A

9 cal/g

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12
Q

enumerate 5 classifications of lipids

A

simple lipids
complex lipids
derived lipids
steroid lipids
miscellaneous lipids

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13
Q

simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with _____

A

various alcohols

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14
Q

fats and oils are esters of fatty acids with ______

A

glycerol

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15
Q

waxes are esters of fatty acids with ________________

A

high molecular weight monohydric alcohols

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16
Q

two types of simple lipids

A

fats and oils, and waxes

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17
Q

complex of fatty acids are esters of fatty acids, and alcohols, together with _______

A

other head groups

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18
Q

composition of phospholipids

A

fatty acid + alcohol + phosphoric acid residue

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19
Q

phospholipid with glycerol

A

glycerophospholipids

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20
Q

phospholipid with sphingosine

A

sphingophospholipid

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21
Q

Glycolipids contains :

A

fatty acid + sphingosine + carbohydrate

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22
Q

classification of lipid based on structure that includes products of metabolic processes

A

derived lipids

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23
Q

use this card to familiarize yourself with the examples of metabolic processes products

A

fatty acid
glycerol
mono- and diacylglycerols
lyphosphatidases
fatty aldehydes
ketone bodies

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24
Q

structure of lipid characterized by rings

A

steroid lipids

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25
Q

use this card to familiarize yourself with steroid lipids examples

A

cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, cholesterol derivatives

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26
Q

lipid structure that are is in aliphatic hydrocarbons, carotenoids, squalene, terpenes, vit E and K, glycerol ether, glycosyl glycerols

A

miscellaneous lipids

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27
Q

difference of fatty acids and lipids

A

fatty acids are the building block of lipids (lecturio, and bio libre texts confirms dis)

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28
Q

fatty acids are usually biosynthesized by linking ____

A

2 carbon units

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29
Q

R is _____ in a fatty acid structure

A

aliphatic hydrocarbon

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30
Q

T or F

fatty acids are commonly found in nature

A

F (rarely)

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31
Q

Use this card to familiarize yourself with the fatty acid functions

A

fuel energy
maintenance of membrane fluidity
components of food oils
growth and development
precursor of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids

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32
Q

2 classifications of fatty acids

A
  1. length of hydrocarbon tail
  2. degree of unsaturation
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33
Q

type of chain with greater than 12 hydrocarbons

A

long chain

34
Q

type of fatty acid with 6-12 hydrocarbons

A

medium chain

35
Q

type of fatty acid with less than 6 hydrocarbons

A

short chain

36
Q

2 degrees of unsaturation of fatty acids

A
  1. saturated fatty acids
  2. unsaturated fatty acids
37
Q

How do you differentiate saturated and unsaturated FA

A

of double bonds

38
Q

How many double bonds does saturated FA have?

A

none

39
Q

characteristics of saturated fatty acid

A

str8 chain (unlike you bADING)
solid at room temp
higher melting point

40
Q

the prototype for a long chain of saturated fatty acid, has 16 carbons

A

palmitic acid

41
Q

how many double bonds are in unsaturated FA

A

on or more

42
Q

characteristic of unsaturated FA

A

has a bend/kink, less compact structure, lower melting point

43
Q

prototype for long chain of unsaturated fatty acid, has 18 hydrocarbons

A

oleic acid

44
Q

2 types of unsaturated fatty acids

A

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

45
Q

how many double bonds in poly unsaturated

A

2 or more

46
Q

2 configurations of unsaturated FA

A

cis and trans

47
Q

orientation of H atoms in cis configuration

A

same side of the bond

48
Q

T or F cis configuration of hydrocarbon chain is linear

A

F (has a kink) bombastic side eye

49
Q

Where is cis configuration bent

A

120 at the c=c

50
Q

orientation of H atoms in trans configuration

A

opposite side of the bond

51
Q

T or F cis configuration of hydrocarbon chain is linear

A

F

52
Q

configuration that behaves like fatty acids

A

trans configuration

53
Q

2 classifications of FA based on source

A

non-essential and essential

54
Q

FA that can be synthesized by the body

A

non-essential

55
Q

where are essential FA from

A

exogenous sources (diet)

56
Q

T or F

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are good fats

A

T

57
Q

These are bad fats

A

saturated and trans fats

58
Q

review the table of nomenclature of FA

A

GAWIN MO NA >:(((
WAG KANG TAMAD ROR

59
Q

2 FA numbering system

A

delta and omega numbering systems

60
Q

where does delta numbering system start

A

carbonyl grp (COOH)

61
Q

delta end’s hydrocarbon will be read as ___

A

c1

62
Q

notation of delta

A

x:y(△^m,n..)

x= no. of atoms
y=no. of double bonds
m, n…. = position of double bonds

63
Q

where does the omega numbering system begin with

A

methyl / omega end

64
Q

2 physical properties of fatty acids

A

water solubility and melting points

65
Q

T or F

solubility is directly proportional to carbon chain length

A

F (inversely)

66
Q

what determines the melting point of FA?

A

length of carbon chain and degree of unsaturation

67
Q

T or F

melting point is directly proportional with the amount of double bonds

A

F (inverse)

since saturated (zero double bonds) have higher melting points than unsaturated FA

68
Q

storage form of fatty acids

A

triacyglycerol / triglyceride

69
Q

most abundant lipid in the body that is formed by ester bond

A

triacyglycerol / triglyceride

70
Q

how are triglycerides formed

A

esterification of glycerol with 3 FA

71
Q

triaglycerol mixture that is from animal sources

A

fats

72
Q

triaglycerol mixture that is from PLANT sources

A

oils

73
Q

triaglycerol mixture that is liquid at room temp

A

oils

74
Q

triaglycerol mixture that is solid at room temp

A

fats

75
Q

4 chemical reactions of triagcyglycerols

A

hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation, oxidation

76
Q

what is a hydrolysis reaction carried out in an alkaline (basic) solution

A

saponification

77
Q

T or F
hydrogenation is carried out in high temp

A

T

78
Q

type of hydrogenation that creates trans fats

A

partial

79
Q

type of hydrogenation that results in saturated fats

A

complete

80
Q

you reached the end of this card !

A

let nath know what’s ur fav color

biochem (31 decks)

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