(M) Lipids part 1 (ppt and lec based) Flashcards by Nathalie Grace Castillo

Composes lipids

heterogenous group of compounds

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Are lipids informational or non informational macromolecules?

non-informational

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What does it mean for a molecule to be non-informational

does not carry info

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2 common characteristics of lipids

low solubility in water and

high solubility in organic non-polar solvents

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Where are lipids soluble in

organic non-polar solvents

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why are lipids hydrophobic?

it is comprised of hydrocarbons

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Why are lipids SLIGHTLY soluble in water

polar head (carboxyl group)

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use this card to familiarize yourself with lipid functions :>

Fuel
thermal insulation
cell membrane components
building blocks / precursors
provides protection
lipoproteins
essential for normal growth and function

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how are lipids building blocks/ precursors?

These forms hormones

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how does fat help us with thermal insulation and protect us?

fats acts as cushion, protecting our organs from blunt trauma and acts as a blanket

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how much energy does lipid yield

9 cal/g

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enumerate 5 classifications of lipids

simple lipids
complex lipids
derived lipids
steroid lipids
miscellaneous lipids

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simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with _____

various alcohols

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fats and oils are esters of fatty acids with ______

glycerol

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waxes are esters of fatty acids with ________________

high molecular weight monohydric alcohols

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two types of simple lipids

fats and oils, and waxes

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complex of fatty acids are esters of fatty acids, and alcohols, together with _______

other head groups

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composition of phospholipids

fatty acid + alcohol + phosphoric acid residue

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phospholipid with glycerol

glycerophospholipids

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phospholipid with sphingosine

sphingophospholipid

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Glycolipids contains :

fatty acid + sphingosine + carbohydrate

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classification of lipid based on structure that includes products of metabolic processes

derived lipids

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use this card to familiarize yourself with the examples of metabolic processes products

fatty acid
glycerol
mono- and diacylglycerols
lyphosphatidases
fatty aldehydes
ketone bodies

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structure of lipid characterized by rings

steroid lipids

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use this card to familiarize yourself with steroid lipids examples

cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, cholesterol derivatives

lipid structure that are is in aliphatic hydrocarbons, carotenoids, squalene, terpenes, vit E and K, glycerol ether, glycosyl glycerols

miscellaneous lipids

difference of fatty acids and lipids

fatty acids are the building block of lipids (lecturio, and bio libre texts confirms dis)

fatty acids are usually biosynthesized by linking ____

2 carbon units

R is _____ in a fatty acid structure

aliphatic hydrocarbon

T or F fatty acids are commonly found in nature

F (rarely)

Use this card to familiarize yourself with the fatty acid functions

fuel energy maintenance of membrane fluidity components of food oils growth and development precursor of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids

2 classifications of fatty acids

1. length of hydrocarbon tail 2. degree of unsaturation

type of chain with greater than 12 hydrocarbons

long chain

type of fatty acid with 6-12 hydrocarbons

medium chain

type of fatty acid with less than 6 hydrocarbons

short chain

2 degrees of unsaturation of fatty acids

1. saturated fatty acids 2. unsaturated fatty acids

How do you differentiate saturated and unsaturated FA

of double bonds

How many double bonds does saturated FA have?

none

characteristics of saturated fatty acid

str8 chain (unlike you bADING) solid at room temp higher melting point

the prototype for a long chain of saturated fatty acid, has 16 carbons

palmitic acid

how many double bonds are in unsaturated FA

on or more

characteristic of unsaturated FA

has a bend/kink, less compact structure, lower melting point

prototype for long chain of unsaturated fatty acid, has 18 hydrocarbons

oleic acid

2 types of unsaturated fatty acids

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

how many double bonds in poly unsaturated

2 or more

2 configurations of unsaturated FA

cis and trans

orientation of H atoms in cis configuration

same side of the bond

T or F cis configuration of hydrocarbon chain is linear

F (has a kink) *bombastic side eye*

Where is cis configuration bent

120 at the c=c

orientation of H atoms in trans configuration

opposite side of the bond

T or F cis configuration of hydrocarbon chain is linear

configuration that behaves like fatty acids

trans configuration

2 classifications of FA based on source

non-essential and essential

FA that can be synthesized by the body

non-essential

where are essential FA from

exogenous sources (diet)

T or F monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are good fats

These are bad fats

saturated and trans fats

review the table of nomenclature of FA

GAWIN MO NA >:((( WAG KANG TAMAD ROR

2 FA numbering system

delta and omega numbering systems

where does delta numbering system start

carbonyl grp (COOH)

delta end's hydrocarbon will be read as ___

notation of delta

x:y(△^m,n..) x= no. of atoms y=no. of double bonds m, n.... = position of double bonds

where does the omega numbering system begin with

methyl / omega end

2 physical properties of fatty acids

water solubility and melting points

T or F solubility is directly proportional to carbon chain length

F (inversely)

what determines the melting point of FA?

length of carbon chain and degree of unsaturation

T or F melting point is directly proportional with the amount of double bonds

F (inverse) since saturated (zero double bonds) have higher melting points than unsaturated FA

storage form of fatty acids

triacyglycerol / triglyceride

most abundant lipid in the body that is formed by ester bond

triacyglycerol / triglyceride

how are triglycerides formed

esterification of glycerol with 3 FA

triaglycerol mixture that is from animal sources

fats

triaglycerol mixture that is from PLANT sources

oils

triaglycerol mixture that is liquid at room temp

oils

triaglycerol mixture that is solid at room temp

fats

4 chemical reactions of triagcyglycerols

hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation, oxidation

what is a hydrolysis reaction carried out in an alkaline (basic) solution

saponification

T or F hydrogenation is carried out in high temp

type of hydrogenation that creates trans fats

partial

type of hydrogenation that results in saturated fats

complete

you reached the end of this card !

let nath know what's ur fav color