(M) Peptides and Proteins part 1 (ppt and lec based) Flashcards
polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
peptides and proteins
how are amino acids linked together
covalently linked together
T or F
Ionic bonding is stronger than covalent bonding
f
fill in the blanks
amino acid is composed of an amide bond between ________ of one amino acid with _________ of another amino acid
α-carboxyl group and α-amino group
covalent bonds between amino acids in a peptide
peptide bonds
how are peptide sequences written
l to r, n terminus to c terminus
what is do you call the removal of water in formation of a peptide bond
Dehydration reaction
type of nomenclature for longer peptides
one-letter code
T or F
N-terminal amnio acid residue does not keep its full amino acid name
T
Which amino acid residue get to keep its full amino acid name
C-terminal
what is the suffix used for amino acids ending with -ine or -ic
-yl
which amino acid is the exception to the -ine, -ic rule?
tryptophan
what are the components of the dipeptide AlanylSerine
alpha-carboxyl and alpha-amino group forming H2O
which structures is used more commonly than -CONH-
C=O and N-H
This has a lower molecular weight compared to proteins
Peptides
how many amino acids usually make up a protein
more than 50 amino acids
what do you call peptides that are polymers consisting of 2 to10 amino acids
oligopeptides
oligopeptide that only has 2 amino acids
dipeptide
oligopeptide that only has 3 amino acids
tripeptide
peptides that has more than 10 amino acids but less than 50
polypeptides
molecules with more than 50 amino acids
protein
heaviest type of peptide
protein
these are polypeptides that are clumped together
subunit
this hormone stimulates contraction of uterine muscles and ejection of milk during lactation
oxytocin
how many amino acids are in oxytocin and vasopressin
9 aa
known as the cuddle hormone
oxytocin
this hormone plays a role in emotional interaction with another individual
oxytocin
hormone controlling blood pressure and volume
vasopressin
this stimulates the kidneys to retain water (anti-diuretic hormone or ADH)
Vasopressin
difference between vasopressin and oxytocin
third and eighth amino acid
what is the third and eighth aa of oxytocin
ILE and LEU
what is the third and eighth aa of vasopressin
PHE and ARG
When does vasopressin act
when patient is dehydrated
hormone regulating blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
how many aa does the parathyroid have?
84 aa
these are pentapeptides neurotransmitters which binds to receptor cites of the brain to reduce pain
enkephalins
what is this highly known enkephalin?
TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-MET
Met-enkaphalin
what is this highly known enkephalin?
TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-LEU
leu-enkephalin
this is a tripeptide present in high levels within our body that has an antioxidant property
glutathione
this is the most important of all biological compounds
proteins
Which Greek word is protein derived from?
proteios
what does proteios mean?
“of first importance”
T or F
peptides have a higher molecular weight than protein
F (reverse)
how many aa does common protein have
400-500 aa
how may aa does small proteins have
40-100 aa
how many polypeptide chain does monomeric have
1
this is a protein that has 2 or more polypeptide chain
multimeric
function of protein that speeds up chemical reactions
catalyst
function of protein that has the capability to combine with insoluble molecules to become soluble in our blood
transport and storage
T or F
only half of the proteins are soluble in the blood
F (majority)
function of protein that enables us to move our muscles
movement
function of protein wherein collagen and keratin are examples of
structure
these are proteins responsible for generation and transmission of nerve impulses
neurotransmitters
T or F
Proteins are the major source of biological membranes
T
What are the 3 classifications of proteins based on composition
Simple proteins
Conjugated Proteins
Derived Proteins
classification of protein made up of amino acids only
simple proteins
this protein is soluble in water, dilutes aqueous salt solution, and heat coagulable
albumin
this protein is insoluble in water, soluble in aqueous salt solution, heat coagulable
globulin
this protein is soluble in dilute acids and alkalies, heat coagulable
glutelin
this protein is an alcohol soluble protein
prolamine
this is the least soluble simple protein, they are neutral solvents, and can dilute acids and alkalies
albuminoid or scleropotein
the simplest protein, basic, soluble in water and dilute ammonia, acid and alkali
found in spermatozoa
protamine
basic protein that is soluble in water and very dilute acid, found in combination with DNA
histone
classification of protein made up of amino acid and other substances
conjugated proteins
what is the term for the added other substances in conjugated proteins
prosthetic group
what is the prosthetic group in nucleoprotein
nucleic acid
what is the prosthetic group in glycoprotein and mucoprotein
carbohydrates
what is the prosthetic group in phosphoprotein
phosphoric acid residues
what is the prosthetic group in chromoprotein
prosthetic group that gives color
what is the prosthetic group in lipoproteins
lipids
what is the prosthetic group in metalloprotein
metals or minerals
T or F
histones with nucleic acids are examples of nucleoproteins
T
T or F
casein is an example of glycoproteins
F (phosphoprotein)
Hemoglobin is an example of what type of conjugated protein?
chromoprotein
T or F
Cytochrome is an example of chromoprotein
F (metalloprotein)
the degradation products obtained by the hydrolysis of natural proteins with acids, alkalis, and enzymes
Derived Proteins
2 Types of derived proteins
primary derived
secondary derived
Also called as denatured proteins, in which some or all cross linkages which normally keep the molecular structure intact are broken.
Primary Derived
Progressive hydrolytic product of protein hydrolysis
Secondary Derived
T or F
proteose, peptones, polypeptides, and peptides are examples of primary derived proteins
F (secondary)
T or F
coagulated proteins, proteans, and metaproteins are examples of primary derived proteins
T
2 classifications of proteins based on shape and certain physical characteristics of proteins
fibrous and globular proteins
classification of protein that is
elongated, asymmetrical, Tough, insoluble in water, arranged around a singular axis to form a ______
fibrous proeins
what is the function of fibrous proteins
structural functions
most abundant fibrous protein (25% in the body)
collagen
fibrous protein that’s found in hair, scales, horns, wool, nails, and feathers
keratin
classification of protein that is
circular, symmetrical-Involved in mobile and dynamic functions -Soluble in water
globular proteins
function of globular proteins
transport
3 examples of globular proteins
enzymes, hemoglobin, and plasma proteins
the strictest indicator of homology and therefore the clearest indicator of common ancestry
amino acid sequence (sequence similarity)
what is the similarity between proteins in a family
similar three-dimensional structures, functions, and sequence
4 classifications of protein families
superfamily
family
domain
species
The domains in a fold or three-dimensional structure are grouped into _______
superfamily
describes a large group of distantly related proteins
superfamily
he domains in a superfamily are grouped into _____, which are the recent common ancestor
family
describes a small group of closely related proteins
family
these are the same proteins that has a specific function and can function independently of the rest of the protein
protein domains
the domains in protein domains are grouped into ___
species