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biochem > (M) Lipids part 2 (ppt and lec based) > Flashcards

(M) Lipids part 2 (ppt and lec based) Flashcards

1
Q

composition of phospholipid

A

1 or more fatty acid
phosphate group
platform molecule

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2
Q

where are the phosphate group and FA attached?

A

platform molecule

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3
Q

an ______ is attached to the phosphate group

A

alcohol

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4
Q

type of phospholipid that contains two fatty acids and phosphate group esterified to a glycerol, and an alcohol esterified to a phosphate group

A

glycerophospholipid

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5
Q

what is the structural backbone of glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidic acid

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6
Q

this is a phosphoacylglycerol that contains choline

A

phosphatidylcholine

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7
Q

most abundant phospholipids of the cell membrane and represents a large proportion of the body’s store of choline

A

phosphatidylcholine

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8
Q

this is important in nervous transmission, as acetylcholine and as a store of labile methyl group

A

choline

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9
Q

found pin nervous tissue such as white matter of the brain, nerves, neural tissue, and in spinal chord

A

cephalin

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10
Q

principal phospholipid in bacteria

A

cephalin

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11
Q

found in large quantities in brain and nerve tissue

A

sphingophospholipid

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12
Q

what makes up a sphingophospholipid

A

one fatty acid + one phosphate group attached to sphingosine molecule

also theres an alcohol attached to the phosphate group

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13
Q

combination of sphingosine and fatty acid, found in glycosphingolipids

A

ceramide

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14
Q

lipid containing both FA + carbohydrate component, attached to a sphingosine molecule

A

glycolipid

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15
Q

simplest sphingoglycolipids

A

cerebrosides

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16
Q

components of cerebrosides

A

sphingosine + FA + galactose/glucose

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17
Q

complex spingoglycolipids

A

gangliosides

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18
Q

widely distributed in every tissue of the body, particularly in nervous tissue like the brain as well as the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

A

glycolipid

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19
Q

major lipid of myelin

A

galactosylcerebroside

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20
Q

major glycosphingolipid of extra neural tissues also present in small amounts in the brain

A

glucosylcerebroside

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21
Q

present in high amounts in myelin, and in early ages of Alzheimer’s

A

Sulfatide (sulfogalactosylceramides)

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22
Q

cerebroside + 2 or more sugars, n-acetylgalactosamine as its side chain and has an oligosaccharide attached to the c1-hydroxyl group

A

globoside

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23
Q

complex glycosphingolipids derived from glucosylceramide that contains an addition of one or more molecules of sialic acid

A

gangliosides

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24
Q

major sterol in the body, is hydrophobic by has an -OH group

A

cholesterol

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25
T or F cholesterol has no platform molecule
T
26
T or F cholesterol's structure is based on a fused-ring system, involving three-5-membered rings and one 6-membered ring
F (three-six-membered rings, and one-5-membered ring)
27
T or F 75% of cholesterol is from dietary intake
F (25%)
28
T or F Mammals obtain cholesterol from food or synthesizes it in the liver
T
29
T or F Cholesterol is bound to proteins, is transported to tissues via blood vessels with the help of high-density lipoproteins
F (LDL ang transporters)
30
T or F Sterols acts as a stabilizer by modifying membrane fluidity
T
31
T or F Sterols increases membrane fluidity at low temp and decreases at high temp
T
32
Why does sterol increase membrane fluidity at low temp?
to prevent membrane lipids from clustering
33
the good cholesterol
HDL (high density lipoproteins) *think: if your grades are high, then it is good :>
34
a lipid-based structure separating cell's aqueous based interior from aqueous environment surrounding the cell
cell membrane
35
what are cell membranes made out of?
phosphoglycerides glycolipids cholesterol
36
T or F Double bonds increase cell membrane permeability
T
37
2 proteins found in the lipid bilayer
integral and peripheral
38
Protein that is non penetrating, only on the surface of the cell membrane
peripheral
39
T or F Integral protein penetrates through the entire cell membrane
it penetrates more than or equal to half of the cell membrane
40
transport across cell membranes where substance is driven by a concentration gradient
passive transport
41
movement of small molecules through phospholipid bilayer
simple diffusion
41
transport process where a substance moves across a cell membrane with the aid of membrane proteins
Facilitated diffusion
42
why is facilitated diffusion is still under passive transport?
because it didn't use energy (ATP), only the aid of membrane proteins
43
the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane (Brittanica, walang definition si mam); Movement of solute or water molecules from lower to higher concentration
osmosis
44
Transport across cell membranes where substances move against a concentration gradient
active transport
45
why does active transport use ATP ?
for pumps to open and close
46
transport of substances that needs vesicles
vesicular transport
47
vesicular transport: "cellular eating"
phagocytosis
48
vesicular transport: "cell drinking"
pinocytosis
49
vesicular transport: cytoplasm fold in wards and form coated pits
receptor mediated endocytosis
50
the secretion of large molecules within vesicles
exocytosis
51
T or F vesicles fuses with plasma membrane in exocytosis
T
52
For what type of substances are exocytosis usually for?
toxic (like u :P)
53
a cholesterol derivative that facilitates absorption of dietary lipids
bile acids
54
what do you add to a bile acid's carbon 17 to make it a complex acid or to increase its polarity (water solubility)
amino acid
55
where is bile stored?
gallbladder
56
this is crystallized cholesterol
gallstone
57
messenger lipid that is an intracellular signal, regulating gene expression in target cells
steroid hormones
58
2 major classes of steroid hormones
sex hormones adrenocorticoid hormones
59
3 major subclasses of sex hormones
PEA progestins estrogens androgens
60
female sex hormones produced by ovaries and adrenal cortex, for secondary female characteristics
estrogens
61
male sex hormones produced by testes and adrenal cortex
androgens
62
pregnancy hormone, from the ovaries and placenta
progestins
63
steroids that enhances endurance, muscle strength, and are illegal in sport competitions
anabolic steroids
64
hormones produced by adrenal glands
adrenocorticoid hormones
65
2 subclasses of adrenocorticoid hormones
mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
66
regulates blood pressure by controlling sodium and potassium balance
mineralocorticoids
67
adrenocorticoid that helps with glucose metabolism and counteracts inflammation
glucocorticoids
68
anti-inflammatory drugs that are synthetic steroids
cortisone and prednisolone
69
these are derived from arachidonic acid
eicosanoids
70
how many carbon atoms are in eicosanoids
20
71
raises body temperature and mucous secretion in the stomach
prostaglandins
72
relaxes and contracts muscles, balances water, and enhances inflammatory response
prostaglandins
73
T or F cortisol and prednisolone can counteract prostaglandins
F (cortiSONE and prednisolone)
74
eicosanoid derivative containing a cyclic ether ring and an oxygen functional group
thromboxanes
75
eicosanoid that promotes clot formation
thromboxanes
76
eicosanoid that contains 3 conjugated double bods
leukotrienes
77
where can leukotrienes be found? associated with inflammation and hypersensitivity responses
WBC
78
these are esters from a long chain alcohol (fatty alcohol) and a long chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid)
biological waxes
79
T or F biological waxes are non polar and offers a protective coating
T
80
how many chains does biological waxes contain on both sides of the carboxylic group
more than 20

biochem (31 decks)

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