(P) Management of Genetic Information Part 2 (lec/ppt based)

Question 1

Most important enzyme in transcription

Answer 1

RNA poly II

Question 2

1st enzyme in translation

Answer 2

Aminoacyl transferase

Question 3

Where does translation occur

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

This is the second stage in gene expression

Answer 4

translation

Question 5

mRNA is translated into ____

Answer 5

amino acid sequence of a protein

Question 6

Requirements for translation

Answer 6

ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA and protein factors

Question 7

Stage of protein synthesis that is repeated many times until an end codon is reached

Answer 7

chain elongation

Question 8

This is the relationship between the sequence of nucleotides in DNA / RNA transcripts and the sequence of amino acids in protein

Answer 8

Genetic code

Question 9

what do codons specify

Answer 9

amino acid

Question 10

other term for codons

Answer 10

nucleotide triplets

Question 11

How many RNA bases in genetic code

Answer 11

4 RNA Bases

Question 12

how many bases in a codon

Answer 12

three

Question 13

which direction are codons written in

Answer 13

5’ to 3’

Question 14

how many codons in total

Answer 14

64

Question 15

how many codons code for amino acids

Answer 15

61

Question 16

enumerate the three stop codons

Answer 16

UAG, UGA, and UAA

Question 17

what is the start codon

Answer 17

AUG

Question 18

Start codon for Eukaryotes

Answer 18

methionine

Question 19

start codon for prokaryotes

Answer 19

formylmethionine

Question 20

feature of genetic code wherein each codon specifies no more than one amino acid

Answer 20

unambiguous

Question 21

if you see this card, send nath 1 cat meme

Answer 21

thanks mwah

Question 22

feature of genetic code stating that more than one codon can specify a single amino acid

Answer 22

Degenerate

Question 23

T or F

For amino acids that have more than one codon, the first two bases are the same and only varies on the third base

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T or F

There are spaces between codons on mRNA which is glued together by ligase

Answer 24

F (there are no spaces or commas)

Question 25

T or F bases can be shared between codons

Answer 25

F (nonoverlapping, thus no bases are shared)

Question 26

T or F Genetic code is the same in all organisms, making it universal

Answer 26

T

Question 27

If you see this card, review how to use the codon chart

Answer 27

go vebs

Question 28

what enzyme activates the aminoacyl-AMP

Answer 28

aminoacyl tRNA synthase

Question 29

what is the product of the reaction between ATP and amino acid

Answer 29

amino-acyl-AMP and 2phosphates

Question 30

ester formed with 2' OH of tRNA forming aminoacyl-TRNA and AMP

Answer 30

Class I

Question 31

ester formed with 3' OH of tRNA forming aminoacyl-TRNA and AMP

Answer 31

Class II

Question 32

Where is the shine-dalgarno sequence found

Answer 32

before the initiation codon

Question 33

where does the tRNA will bind during initiation

Answer 33

start codon AUG

Question 34

Two ribosomal subunits:

Answer 34

large and small subunits

Question 35

this is the first step in protein syntesis

Answer 35

initiation

Question 36

binding site of peptide bonds

Answer 36

Peptidyl side

Question 37

amino acyl binding site

Answer 37

aminoacyl side

Question 38

this makes up the complete initiation complex / the ribosome

Answer 38

small and large ribosomal subunits

Question 39

T or F The ribosome moves in a 3' to 5' direction during elongation until it reaches a stop codon

Answer 39

F (5' to 3')

Question 40

Which site is the stop codon found in tRNA during transcription

Answer 40

A site

Question 41

what separates the mRNA released

Answer 41

ribosomal subunits

Question 42

refers to the ability of the polymerase to avoid or correct errors in a newly synthesized DNA strand

Answer 42

DNA polymerase fidelity

Question 43

the removal of incorrect nucleotide immediately after they are added to the growing DNA during replication

Answer 43

proofreading

Question 44

DNA polymerases with proofreading capabilities

Answer 44

I, II, IV & V

Question 45

T or F errors in DNA chain are only every once in every 10^6 to 10^10 base pairs

Answer 45

F ^4 to ^5

Question 46

spontaneous mutations only occur every __ to ___ bp

Answer 46

10^9 to 10^10

Question 47

this is any permanent, heritable change in DNA base sequence of an organism

Answer 47

mutations

Question 48

type of mutation that occurs naturally during normal genetic and metabolic functions of the cell

Answer 48

spontaneous mutation

Question 49

spontaneous mutation caused by misreading of base pairs

Answer 49

replication error

Question 50

this type of mutation is induced by various physical & chemical mutagens

Answer 50

induced mutation

Question 51

A mutagen that breaks hydrogen bonds between adjacent bases

Answer 51

UV light

Question 52

T or F ionizing radiation is a physical mutagen

Answer 52

T

Question 53

type of action done by ionizing radiation which causes for the sugar phosphate backbone to break

Answer 53

direct action

Question 54

How does the indirect action of ionizing radiation cause DNA damage

Answer 54

free radicals breaks the strands and inserts themselves into the DNA sequence

Question 55

T or F intercalating agents are chemical mutagens

Answer 55

T

Question 56

T or F intercalating agents insert themselves in base pairs causing a kink in the DNA strand

Answer 56

T

Question 57

T or F intercalating agents does not inhibit the RNA poly

Answer 57

F (inhibits)

Question 58

This is a homologue of thymine which mimics it and bonds with adenine, therefore causing kinks in the DNA

Answer 58

Base analog - 5 bromuracil

Question 59

this mutation replaces a purine-pyrimidine base with a different purine-pyrimidine base pair

Answer 59

Transition

Question 60

this mutation replaces a purine-pyrimidine base with a different pyrimidine-purine base pair

Answer 60

transversion

Question 61

variety of mutation that has no observable effect

Answer 61

silent mutations

Question 62

How does silent mutations occur

Answer 62

the new codon specifies the same amino acid

Question 63

point mutation where substitution of a base pair results in a diff amino acid in the resulting protein

Answer 63

Missense Mutation

Question 64

What is the possible effect on protein secondary to missense mutation

Answer 64

decrease in function

Question 65

type of point mutation where the substitution of a base causes a premature stop codon

Answer 65

nonsense mutation

Question 66

T or F nonsense mutation results on protein that are still functional, albeit shorter than normal

Answer 66

F (it is short and non functional ) like ur ex's d-

Question 67

point mutation where nucleotides of a DNA sequence are altered in a way that changes one or more codons

Answer 67

frameshift mutation

Question 68

how does a frameshift mutation happen

Answer 68

addition or deletion of bases

Question 69

T or F frameshift mutation usually produces nonfunctional and shorter proteins

Answer 69

T

Question 70

Repair mechanism that removes a portion of the newly synthesized dna that contains a pair of mismatched bases

Answer 70

mismatch repair

Question 71

Repair done for lesions caused by UV or chemical means

Answer 71

nucleotide excision repair

Question 72

common result of UV damage

Answer 72

thymine dimer

Question 73

enzyme that detects abnormal base pairing in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Answer 73

ABC exinuclease

Question 74

repair mechanism that is used to detect ad remove certain types of damaged bases

Answer 74

base excision repair

Question 75

detects damage and removes it in base excision repair

Answer 75

DNA glycosylase

Question 76

removes the sugar-phos backbone in base excision repair

Answer 76

apurinic /apyrimidinic endonuclease

Question 77

removes the adjacent bases after the apurinic /apyrimidinic endonuclease

Answer 77

excision exonuclease