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biochem > (P) Biochemical Systems of the Cell (module-based) > Flashcards

(P) Biochemical Systems of the Cell (module-based) Flashcards

1
Q

fundamental unit of the body, responsible for both structure and function.

A

cell

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2
Q

principal chemical components of the body are:

A

CHON

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3
Q

this subject is centered on the molecules that sustain life.

A

cell biology

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4
Q

T or F. Water, which comprises 75% to 85% of the human body mass, plays a crucial role in various bodily functions.

A

F (55% to 65%)

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5
Q

This type of property states that water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with each other, which requires a significant amount of energy to break.

A

High Boiling Point and Low Melting Point of Water

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6
Q

which means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy without significantly changing its temperature.

A

High specific heat

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7
Q

These properties make water an ideal solvent for many substances and provide thermal stability for aquatic environments.

A

High Boiling Point and Low Melting Point of Water

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8
Q

This property is essential for maintaining stable temperatures in living organisms and allows water to act as a coolant through evaporative cooling.

A

High Specific Heat

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9
Q

which means it requires a significant amount of energy to convert liquid water into water vapor.

A

High heat of evaporization

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10
Q

The heat of vaporization of water is about

A

540 cal/g at 100°C

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11
Q

This property also means that even at lower temperatures, some water molecules will escape the water surface due to high kinetic energy.

A

Heat of vaporization water

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12
Q

As a result, water is an excellent solvent and can dissolve a wide variety of substances. This property is essential for many biological processes, such as nutrient transport and waste removal.

A

Water has High Polarity

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13
Q

weak but important force that stabilizes the three-dimensional structures of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins.

A

H-bonding

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14
Q

are formed between a covalently bound hydrogen atom and a very electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

A

Hydrogen bond

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15
Q

they contribute to the high heat of vaporization and the unique properties of water that are essential for life in water.

A

h-bonding

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16
Q

Many processes in the body involve the presence of organic catalysts

A

enzymes

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17
Q

would help maintain the pH of the different areas of the body

A

buffers

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18
Q

solutions whose pH resists change upon addition of either more acid or more base consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base

A

buffers

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19
Q

This equation reveals that the pK of an acid is numerically equal to the pH of the solution when the molar concentration of the acid is equal to that of its conjugate base (molar ratio=1)

A

Henderson-hasselbalch

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20
Q

Determine the pH of a buffer solution composed of 0.50 Molar C2H3O2-(acetate) and 0.20 Molar HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) and that has an acid dissociation constant (Ka) for HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) of 1.8 x 10-5.

A

pH = 5.14 (two decimals raw lagi)

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21
Q

What molar ratio will produce an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.0? (Ka acetic acid is 1.8 × 10−5).

A

1.83 = [A/HA]

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22
Q

You need to prepare a buffer solution at pH of 5.27. Your solution contains 10.0 mmol (millimoles) of HC2H3O2 (acetic acid). How many millimoles of C2H3O2-(acetate) do you need to add into this solution? pKa of acetic acid is 4.74

A

𝟑𝟐. 𝟗 𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 C2H3O2 = [x]

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23
Q

the ability of an acid-base pair to maintain the pH range of pK value ±1 pH.

A

Buffering capacity

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24
Q

T or F. In biological fluids, phosphate, nitrogen and carbonate ions act as buffers.

A

F (walang nitrogen)

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25
Q

What is the range of an acetic acid buffer with a pKa of 4.74?

A

edi 3.74 to 5.74

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26
Q

related to the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base the greater the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base, the greater the ____

A

buffering capacity

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27
Q

play essential roles in maintaining various bodily functions such as regulating blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, bone health, and aiding in cell growth and oxygen transport.

A

Minerals

28
Q

T or F. Omega Fish oil contribute to the normal functioning of muscles and nerves.

A

F (mineral)

29
Q

The absence of these minerals can lead to deficiencies and diseases associated with their respective deficiencies.

A

trace elements

30
Q

hereditary material of the cell, made up of nucleotides.

A

nucleic acids

31
Q

macromolecules made up of amino acids connected in long chains.

A

proteins

32
Q

serve a variety of functions, including defense mechanisms, structural support, and transport of substances in the blood.

A

protein

33
Q

T or F. The function of a protein is highly independent on its shape.

A

F (dependent)

34
Q

molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the simplest carbohydrates being monosaccharides (such as glucose and ribose).

A

carbohydrates

35
Q

comprises a carbon chain with groups of hydroxyl (OH) and either a ketone or aldehyde group.

A

monosaccharide

36
Q

important energy source for the body and play a role in cell signaling mechanisms.

A

carbohydrates

37
Q

molecules characterized by their solubility with water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

A

lipids

38
Q

T or F. ATP are important building blocks for the structure and function of living cells and serve as membrane components in every cell type.

A

F (lipids)

39
Q

participate in cell signaling mechanisms

A

lipids

40
Q

an important energy source

A

carbo and lipids

41
Q

an important chemical compound whose principal cellular role is to serve as a “ short-term” energy transfer device.

A

ATP

42
Q

hydrolysis reactions releasing one or more of the phosphates of ATP

A

exergonic

43
Q

small organic molecule, an essential micronutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts for its metabolism to function properly.

A

vitamins

44
Q

Vitamins are essential nutrients that are divided into two categories:

A

water and fat soluble vitamins

45
Q

T or F. Water-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are dissolved in fats and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lymphatic system.

A

F (fat-soluble)

46
Q

These vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues of the body, and unlike water-soluble vitamins, they can accumulate in the body over time.

A

fat-soluble vitamins

47
Q

has become a growing public health concern due to its association with an increased risk of certain diseases.

A

vitamin D deficiency

48
Q

organic non-protein compound, which binds to catalyze a reaction with an enzyme.

A

coenzymes AKA cofactors

49
Q

T or F. A cofactor cannot work alone but can be reused multiple times when paired with an enzyme

A

T

50
Q

enzyme alone

A

apoenzyme sad

51
Q

It cannot efficiently catalyze reactions without coenzymes or cofactors. Indeed, the enzyme cannot function at all. If reactions cannot occur at the normal catalyzed rate, then it will be difficult for an organism to sustain life.

A

apoenzyme

52
Q

When an enzyme gains a coenzyme, it becomes a/an

A

active enzyme or holoenzyme

53
Q

T or F. Apoenzymes change substrates into products which an organism needs to perform essential functions, be it chemical or physiological.

A

Active enzyme

54
Q

T or F. all water-soluble vitamins, except Vit C, are coenzymes.

A

T

55
Q

which of the following is not a coenzyme

a. nicotineamide adenine dinucelotide phosphate (NADP)
b. vitamin derivatives
c. flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
d. nicotineamideadenine dinucleotide (NAD)
e. none of the above

A

e

56
Q

Who said this “Everything that living things do can be understood by the jigglings and wigglings of atoms.”

A

Richard Feyman

57
Q

are like little helpers that make chemical reactions happen in cells, and they’re really important for making things work inside living things.

A

enzymes

57
Q

has given us special tools to explore and learn about the small building blocks of life.

A

biotechnology

58
Q

What is the smallest level in the Hierarchy of Molecular Complexity?

A

atoms

59
Q

State the Hierarchy of Molecular Complexity (in order)

A
  1. Inorganic precursors
  2. metabolites
  3. building blocks
  4. macromolecules
  5. supramolecular complexes
  6. organelles
  7. cells
  8. tissue
  9. organ
  10. organ system
60
Q

made up of molecules that coordinate with one another that, to be able to perform specified functions, have become enclosed within membranes.

A

organelles

61
Q

its function is for lipid and protein synthesis

A

ER

62
Q

for Intracellular transport & secretion of waste products; packaging site of cellular secretions

A

Golgi apparatus

63
Q

defense; contains acid hydrolases

A

lysosomes

64
Q

site of many metabolic reactions; contains the organelles

A

cytoplasm

65
Q

it maintains cell shape

A

cytoskeleton

biochem (31 decks)

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