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biochem > (F) Nutrition, Vitamins, & Minerals (Part 1) > Flashcards

(F) Nutrition, Vitamins, & Minerals (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Considered as foundation of health, encompasses the food we consume and the way our body utilizes it

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

Are nourishing components found in food that our bodies need to function properly

A

Nutrients

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3
Q

Considered as the foundation of health

A

Nutrition

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4
Q

Ex: proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, water

A

Nutrients

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5
Q

Study of nutrients in food, how the body utilizes them, adn the relationship between diet, health, and disease

A

Nutrition

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6
Q

The three broad categories of food under nutrition:

A
  • Essential Fibers
  • Energy-yielding nutrients
  • Micronutrients
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7
Q

What categories of food is Non-digestible polysaccharide material

A

Essential Fiber

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8
Q

Main Categories of Food:
- Stay and Absorbed in intestinal lumen
- Makes the intestine react, increase peristaltic movement
- Crucial for digestive system especially in colon

A

Essential FIbers

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9
Q

Main categories of food:

Carbohydrates, lipid, proteins

A

Energy-yielding nutrients

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10
Q

Main Categories of Food:

Provide us with fuel for the body to keep on going

A

Energy-yielding nutrients

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11
Q

Main categories of food:

Dietary components often call vitamins and minerals

A

Micronutrients

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12
Q

T or F

Micronutrients are only required by the body in big amounts?

A

F (Small amounts– very crucial in growth and development)

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13
Q

T or F

Proteins serves as building blocks (muscles), critical role in immune function (antibodies – Globulin), enzyme activities, blood transporters (carriers like albumin)

A

T

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14
Q

T or F

If lipids and Proteins are not available for energy synthesis, amino serve as back energy or ATP?

A

T

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15
Q

T or F

Animals are capable of synthesizing certain amino acids

A

F (incapable)

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16
Q

How many basic amino acids human can only make?

A

10 out of 20

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17
Q

What are the 10 Amino acids human can make

A

PVT TIM HALL
1. Phe
2. Val
3. Thr
4. Trp
5. Ile
6. Met
7. His
8. Arg
9. Leu
10. Lys

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18
Q

The amino acids that an animas is unable to synthesize must be obtained from?

A

Diet (Clue: essential = must be obtained through diet)

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19
Q

Amino acids that are obtained through diet are called?

A

Essential Amino Acids

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20
Q

Something that cannot be synthesized by the body hence essential to get from dietary forces

A

Essential

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21
Q

Becomes a resource of metabolic energy

A

Surplus Dietary Proteins

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22
Q

Two types of Amino acids for Metabolic Energy

A
  1. Ketogenic Amino Acids
  2. Glucogenic Amino Acids (Diabetogenic)
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23
Q

Can be transformed into fatty acids

A

Ketogenic Amino Acids

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24
Q

Can be transformed into glucose

A

Glucogenic amino acids (Diabetogenic)

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25
Q

What Amino acid:

  • Converted into glucose via glucogenesis
  • From glucose precursors
  • Important in glucogenesis
  • Includes most essential and non-essential amino acids
A

Glucogenic Amino acids

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26
Q

What Amino Acid:

  • Amino acids that form acetyl CoA or acetoacetylCoA
  • Form precursors for ketone bodies
  • Important in ketogenesis
  • inclued exclusively Lysine and Leucin
A

Ketogenic Amino acids

27
Q

What are the main difference between Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acids?

A

Affect the body energy metabolism

Ketogenic -> Produce Ketone Bodies

Glucogenic -> Produce Glucose (blood sugar)

28
Q

What are the synthesis in the body that makes glucose when we are not getting enough glucose from our diet

A

Gluconeogenesis

29
Q

It produces glucose from non-carbs sources (ex amino acids)

A

Gluconeogenesis

30
Q

For When we’re not getting enough carbs

A

Ketogenic amino acids

31
Q

For When we need extra energy

A

Glucogenic amino acids (Diabetogenic)

32
Q

If you see this card

A

Kindly review the table that sir gave :P

33
Q

Major role in Production of metabolic energy

A

Carbohydrates

34
Q

Simple sugars are broken down in the ________________ to release energy

A

Glycolytic Pathway

35
Q

Metabolized into simple sugars, which then enter the glycolytic pathway

A

Complex Carbohydrates

36
Q

T or F

Brain does not need sugar

A

F (it does need, brain energy source is sugar (Carbohydrates)

37
Q

Surplus of sugars are converted for storage

A

glycogen and triacyclglycerols

38
Q

T or F

When dietary carbohydrate is in shorts supply, Glycogenic bodies are produced from acetate units to supply fuel for energy

A

F (Ketone bodies)

39
Q

T or F

Carbohydrate is a component in nucleotides?

A

T (Ribose and Deoxyriboes

40
Q

T or F

Carbohydrates is a component for lipids such as glycolipids

A

T

41
Q

T or F

It does not combine with protein

This talks about Carbohydrates

A

F (It does and gives off glycoprotein)

42
Q

can be used as fuel by numerous tissues in the human body

A

Fatty acids and TAGS

43
Q

T or F

Our cells break down fatty acids from dietary/stored to produce energy through fatty acid oxidation

A

T

44
Q

If u see this card

A

kaldag with vid, send mo sa 2MT-N gc

45
Q

crucial elements of all biological membranes

A

Phopholipids

46
Q

T or F

Phospholipids does not help in structural framework of cell membranes

A

T (It helps, it is crucial)

47
Q

Storage of excess dietary fat

A

triacylglycerols (TAG)

48
Q

Where is TAG stored

A

Adipose Tissue

49
Q

What are the some essential fatty acids:

A

Arachidonic acid
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid

50
Q

T or F

our body does not have ability to synthesize most fatty acids, however some are essential

A

F (Does have)

51
Q

Dietary Fibers are also called

A

Roughage

52
Q

Refers to molecules that cannot be metabolized in the human body due to absence of the required enzymes

Nutrients

A

Dietary Fiber

53
Q

A polysaccharide component of the plant cell walls and is required for good function of colon

A

Cellulose

54
Q

Plant polymer of aromatic ring structures and Absorbs organic molecules in the digestive system

A

Lignin

55
Q

essential nutrients that are necessary in the diet since they cannot be synthesized by humans

A

Vitamins

56
Q

Why vitamins are essential nutrients?

A

no enzyme is available to synthesize them

57
Q

T or F

Vitamins are required only in trace amounts are, but shortage can result in a diseases or death

A

T

58
Q

What are the 2 Classification of Vitamins

A
  1. Fat Soluble Vitamins
  2. Water Soluble Vitamins
59
Q
  • Absorbed with fats
  • Do not form coenzymes
  • Are not excreted in urine, toxic in excessive quantities
  • Stored extensively
A

Fat Soluble Vitamins

60
Q
  • Absorbed directly into the blood
  • Precursors of coenzymes
  • Excess amounts are excreted in urine, Non-toxic
  • Not stored extensively
A

Water Soluble Vitamins

61
Q

T or F

Fat soluble Vitamins can be absrob without the help of fats?

A

F

62
Q

Storage of fat soluble vitamins

A

Fatty tissues in liver

63
Q
A

biochem (31 decks)

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