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BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences > Ossification And Development Of Bone - intramembranous ossification > Flashcards

Ossification And Development Of Bone - intramembranous ossification Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 ways costal bone develops?

A

Intramembranous ossification
And endochondral ossification

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2
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

Ossification in membrane

Direct replacement of the mesenchyme/ mesenchyme tissue with bone

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3
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Ossification of cartilage

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4
Q

What does ossification involve?

A

In both cases replacement of connective tissue with woven bone = (osteoid) occurs

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5
Q

Is woven bone mineralised?

A

No

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6
Q

Describe the process from woven bone to lamellar bone?

A

Woven bone (immature unmineralised bone) then remodelled to lamellar bone (mature bone) which is impregnated with calcium salts – Ca hydroxyapatite crystals (mineralised)

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7
Q

What are the 4 forms of lamellar bone?

A

Compact
Cortical
Sponges
Alveolar bone

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8
Q

Is this woven or lamellar bone?

A

Woven

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9
Q

Is this woven or lamellar bone?

A

Lamellar

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10
Q

Where does endochondral ossification occur?

A

Within the long ones of the limbs

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11
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

The bone on the outside

The cortex of the bone

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12
Q

What bone is places inside of the cortical bone?

A

Compact bone

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13
Q

What is alveolar bone?

A

Specialised type of compact bone

Alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible

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14
Q

How is the compact bone arranged?

A

Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems. The osteon consists of a central canal called the osteonic (haversian) canal, which is surrounded by concentric rings (lamellae) of matrix. Between the rings of matrix, the bone cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called lacunae.

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15
Q

What is the structure of spongy bone?

A

Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow. The canaliculi connect to the adjacent cavities, instead of a central haversian canal, to receive their blood supply.

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16
Q

What are examples of bone which use intramembranous ossification?

A

Vault of skull
Maxilla
Most of mandible

17
Q

What is the mesenchyme of the skull?

A

In the head of an embryo, a layer of mesenchyme surrounds the brain underneath the surface ectoderm. This cranial mesenchyme gives rise to the meninges, the calvaria (top part of the skull), and the dermis of the scalp.

18
Q

When does intramembranous ossification occur?

A

8th week of gestation

19
Q

What is the process of intramembranous ossification in the skull?

A
20
Q

During intramembranous ossification, what do the mesenchymal cells differentiate to?

A

Osteoblasts

21
Q

What is the role of osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification?

A

Lay down organic/woven bone matrix (=osteoid)

22
Q

What happens to the osteoid matrix during intramembranous ossification?

A

Becomes mineralise producing a number of centres of ossification

23
Q

What cells are at the surface of the osteoid atria?

A

Osteoprojenitor cells

24
Q

How do osteoprojentor cells divide?

A

Divide by mitosis and make more osteoblasts

25
Q

What do osteoprojenitor cells divide to make?

A

More osteoblasts and repeat the above process

26
Q

How do ossification centres enlarge?

A

By addition of more woven bone which then becomes ossified (mineralised)

27
Q

What are m and b in the diagram?

A

M = mesenchyme
B = woven bone

28
Q

What do the mesenchymal cells not forming woven bone become?

A

Become bone marrow cells

29
Q

What are the 2 regions of skull bone?

A

Neurocranium

Vicerocranium

30
Q

What are the 2 parts of the neurocranium?

A

Cranial vault (calvarium)

Base of skull (chondrocranium)

31
Q

Which part of the neurocranium is developed by intramembranous ossification?

A

Cranial vault (calvarium)

32
Q

Which part of the neurocranium is developed by endochondral ossification?

A

Bones at base of skull (Chondrocranium)

33
Q

What are examples of calvarium bones developed by intramembranous ossification?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Squamous part of temporal bone
Occipital

34
Q

What are examples of chondrocranium bones developed by endochondral ossification?

A

Ethmoid
Base of sphenoid
Petrous part of temporal
Base of occipital

35
Q

What type of ossification develops the vicerocranium?

A

Intramembranous

36
Q

What are examples of bones in the viscerocranium developed by intramembranous ossification?

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Palatine bone
Mandible

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences (37 decks)

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