Nutrition 3 Flashcards
What are obligatory users of carbohydrates?
Brain
Nervous system and developing RBC
What can glucose be produced from?
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
What are most amino acids?
Gluconegenic, as glycerol but not fatty acids
What is the most common sugar?
Sucrose
What is the benefit of a high fibre diet?
Cancer, colon cancer for example
What is the glycaemic index?
Simple and complex carbohydrates and their effect in blood sugar levels
What do we want our blood sugar levels to be?
4-5.5 mmol/L
What is the difference between a complex and simple sugar and blood sugar levels?
Simple, quick increase in blood sugar levels
Complex, slow curve of blood sugar levels
What type of sugars have a rapid increase blood glucose levels?
Mono and di saccharides have a quick increase and rapid crash in blood glucose levels
What is the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in lipids?
Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is high
(Compared to carbohydrates)
What is the main form of dietary fat?
Triglycerides
What provides the largest energy store in the body?
Lipids
What are the functions of fats?
Structural (membranes)
Protection for vital organs
Insulation
Vitamin carrier (A, D, E, K)
Are fats soluble in water?
No, insoluble
What are 3 groups of fats?
Simple
Compound
Derived
How many carbons are long chain fatty acids?
14-22
What is the structure of tryacyglycerol/triglycerides?
3 carbon molecule and 3 fatty acids
What group does glycerol belong to?
Simple
What group are the phospholipids?
Compound fats
What are fat transporters in the body?
Lipoproteins
What are examples of lipoproteins?
LDL
VLDL
HDL
Where are lipoproteins formed?
Liver and circulation
What lipoprotein transports the most cholesterol in plasma?
LDL
What lipoprotein carries cholsterol away from artery walls?
HDL
What type of fat are generally solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
What does C4:0 represent?
4 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds
What are PUFA?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Where is the first double bond in omega 3?
3 carbon groups away from the methyl group
What are examples of essential a fatty acids?
Linolenic acid
What does increased plasma epinephrine activate?
Beta-receptors in adipocytes
Stimulates adipose tissue lipolysis
What can increase metabolism from adipose tissue?
Elevated circulating levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol
Decrease circulating level of insulin and glucose
