Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences > Histology of Bone > Flashcards

Histology of Bone Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what cells do bone originate from?

A

mesenchyme stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

bone generating cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the gaps called between the bone of a babies skull before they are sutures?

A

fontanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

Bone development then occurs within the mesenchyme from these cells (mainly osteoblasts)

between different bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Bone development then occurs within the mesenchyme from these cells (mainly osteoblasts)

within the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is immature bone called? (not mineralsied)

A

osteoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 names for immature bone?

A

IMMATURE
WOVEN
OSTEOID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What inogranic salts mineralise the immature bone to mature bone?

A

calcium hydroxyapatite crystals - mineralised, rigid, hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do osteoclasts come from?

A

blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the matrix of bone occupied by?

A

Matrix occupied by collagen fibres and specialized bone cells – osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

dense and solid and surrounds the marrow space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is this compact or spongy bone?

A

compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is lamellae?

A

concentric layer of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is this compact or spongy bone?

A

spongy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the central canal of an osteon called?

A

Haversian canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an Haversian system also known as?

A

osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is at the central canal of an osteon?

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are other names for spongy bone?

A

trabecular
cancellous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do you find in the marrow cavity of bone?

A

formation of blood - Hematopoiesis
fat (adipose tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are osteocytes found in compact bone?

A

lacunae (trapped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What factors can change the composition of bone?

A

age and metabolic status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is bone a dynamic tissue?

A

yes, Composition changes with age and metabolic status

23
Q

In adults, when would pre-mineralised/immature bone be found?

A

Organic component (pre-mineralised/immature bone) is called osteoid/woven bone. In adults only found where bone remodelling is occurring

24
Q

What are the components of the ECM of bone?

A

60-70% inorganic salts, 30-40% collagen and remainder (@5%) is protein and carbohydrate

25
Q

What collagen fibre dominates in collagen?

A

type I

26
Q

What do the gaps between collagen i the ECM provide?

A

Gaps’ provide space for bone salt crystals (up to 50% of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals within fibres)

27
Q

What glycoproteins are associated with the ECM of bone?

A

osteonectin

28
Q

what is the role of osteonectin in bone?

A

Glycoproteins associated with matrix include osteonectin which acts as an adhesive between the collagen, hydroxyapatite crystals and cells

29
Q

What synthesises collagen?

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

How do collagen fibres increase the strength of bone?

A

Collagen fibres have differing orientations within bone to enhance strength

31
Q

What do Sharpey’s fibres connect?

A

Sharpey’s fibres connect periosteum (P) to cortical bone. Tendons and ligaments also insert into bone by means of collagen fibres

32
Q

What is the precursor of osteoblasts?

A

osteoprojenitor cells

33
Q

What do osteoblasts release to initiate mineralisation of the bone?

A

release of vesicles rich in alkaline phosphatase

and make calcium hydroxyapatite

34
Q

What do osteoblasts become when surrounded by mineralised bone?

A

osteocytes

35
Q

What is a canaliculi?

A

a minute canal in a bodily structure: as. a. : one of the hairlike channels ramifying a Haversian system in bone and linking the lacunae with one another and with the Haversian canal.

connect lacunae to each other and central canal

36
Q

Name structures A and B

A

A = canaliculi
B = lacuna

37
Q

What cells are shown here?

A

osteoclats

next to resorption bone

38
Q

What cell is multi-nucleated?

A

osteoclasts

39
Q

What is the role of osteoclasts?

A

Found on the surface of the bone undergoing resorption/ remodelling

40
Q

What cell is involved in calcium homeostasis?

A

osteoclasts

parathyroid hormone stimulates, calcitonin depresses their activity

41
Q

What is shown here?

A

resorption pit/bay

showing osteoclasts also

42
Q

What is the resorption pit also called?

A

Howship’s lacuna

43
Q
A
44
Q

Where is a ruffled border found?

A

In EM numerous folds seen in the cytoplasm of the osteoclast – “ruffled border” at the surface of resorption bay/pit (Howship’s lacuna)

45
Q

What is found in the cytoplasm of the osteoclasts?

A

Cytoplasm of cell contain numerous mitochondria, Golgi and lysosomes (=active cells) associated with resorption and degradation of bone

46
Q

How would you describe the bone of the alveolar bone?

A

modified compact bone

47
Q

What is the difference between the alveolar bone and compact bone?

A

Is similar to compact bone but has many perforating collagen fibres (Sharpey’s fibres)

48
Q

What bone surrounds the alveolar bone?

A

normal compact bone and spongy bone

49
Q

Name the bone types at the red, blue and yellow arrows

A

red = modified compact bone
blue = normal compact bone
yellow = spongy bone

50
Q

What type of bone is shown here?

A

spongy bone

51
Q

What does anastonise mean?

A

the meeting of ‘mouths’ / connecting

52
Q

What bone diseases shown here?

A

osteoporosis

53
Q

How are the lamallae arranged within the trabeculum?

A

parallel to one another

54
Q

What can cause the different orientations of trabeculae?

A

Different orientations of trabeculae occur in response to stress requirements

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions