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BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences > Histology of Cartilage > Flashcards

Histology of Cartilage Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

General characteristics, histology, constituents, structure-function organisation

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

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3
Q

What is mesenchyme?

A

a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood or bone.

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4
Q

What cells mesenchymal cells make?

A

osteoblasts
endothelium & mesothelium
fibroblasts
chondroblasts

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5
Q

What cell is shown in this diagram?

A

chondroblasts

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6
Q

What tissue is shown here?

A

mesenchyme

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7
Q

Where do the chondrocytes lie in the matrix tehy produce?

A

lacunae

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8
Q

What is a fully developed chondrob;ast called?

A

chondrocyte

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9
Q

What is more active a chondrocyte or chondroblast?

A

Chondroblasts

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10
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

A

ground substance + fibres

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11
Q

What protein is mostly found in the ECM?

A

Collagen fibres (mostly Type II).

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12
Q

What else can cartilage have in the ECM?

A

elastic fibres-elastic cartilage

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13
Q

What is the gel part of the ECM?

A

Gel of a firm consistency

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14
Q

What is the ECM rich in?

A

carbohydrates (glycoproteins) and water

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15
Q

what is a glycoprotein?

A

protein core with carbohydrate groups attached

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16
Q

What is the 3 criteria to distinguish hyaline cartilage?

A

Glassy/glistening, opalescent, firm consistency

17
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Costal, nasal, some laryngeal, tracheobronchial, articular cartilage are all of hyaline type

18
Q

What is a cell nest?

A

formed of two or more cells (parent and offspring)

19
Q

What do hyaline cartilage allow?

A

assists in motion of joints – synovial joints

20
Q

What type of cartilage is shown here?

A

hyaline

21
Q

where do hyaline chondrocytes appear flat?

A

Cells appear flat near perichondrium but become rounded deep inside tissue

22
Q

What type of cartilage is shown?

A

firbocartilage

fibres apparent

23
Q

Is fibrocrtilage elastic?

A

no

24
Q

Describe fibrocartilage

A

dense collagenous tissue with associated fibroblasts

25
Q

What are the chondrocytes surrounded by in the fibrocartilage?

A

striated matrix

26
Q

Where would you find the fibrocartilage?

A

Found in intervertebral discs, symphyses – shock absorber

27
Q

What tyoe of cartilage is shown here?

A

elastic (yellow)

28
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A

External ear, epiglottis, apices of arytenoid cartilages of larynx

29
Q

What are the vibrational functions of elastic cartilage?

A

Vibrational function – sound-wave production (larynx), collection and transmission (ear)

30
Q

What is different about the ECM of elastic cartilage?

A

Typical chondrocytes but matrix has preponderance of elastic fibres

31
Q

How are nutrients passed to cartilage?

A

cartilage channels do exist = pores from blood vessels into cartilage matrix

32
Q

What types of growth does cartilage use?

A

interstitial
appositional

33
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

from within by mitosis of early chondroblasts. Obvious in young tissue

34
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

at surfaces by division of perichondrial cells

35
Q

What type of cartilage growth makes the cartilage longer?

A

interstitial growth

36
Q

What does regeneration of cartilage depend upon?

A

Regeneration depends upon nutrition and hormonal environment, older tissues may calcify

37
Q

In old age, what can occur to cartilage?

A

ossify

38
Q

What is a low vascularity?

A

low blood supply to matrix

39
Q

What is the benefit of a low blood supply?

A

doesn’t get infected easily

transplant easily, no immune reaction

low antigenicity

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences (37 decks)

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