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BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences > Connective Tissue (2) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue (2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What part of the ECM is this?

A

Ground substance

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2
Q

What is A and B?

A

A) connective tissue
B) ground substance

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3
Q

Where is ground substance located?

A

surrounds the fibres and cells of the CT

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4
Q

What 2 proteins are linked to carbohydrate molecules in the ground substance?

A

proteoglycans (PGs)
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

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5
Q

How are PGs and GAGs linked to in ground substance?

A

carbohydrate molecules

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6
Q

What are the 2 categories of cells found in connective tissue?

A

fixed cells
transient cells

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7
Q

What are the cells classed as fixed cells

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. macrophages
  3. adipocytes
  4. mast cells
  5. undifferentiated cells
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8
Q

What is meant by fixed cells?

A

Fixed cells (or resident cells) - resident population of cells that develop and remain within connective tissue.

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9
Q

What is the role of fibroblast cells?

A

synthesise the extracellular matrix and collagen

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10
Q

What is an example of transient cells?

A

white blood cells

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, myofibroblasts, melanocytes

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11
Q

What is meant by transient cells in connective tissue?

A

Transient cells are leukocytes (white blood cells) that circulate in the bloodstream and migrate into connective tissue at sites of an immune response.

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12
Q

What cell is shown in this diagram?

A

white blood cell

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13
Q

What is A and B in the connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts
connective tissu

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14
Q

What is this an image of?

A

WBC penetrating a blood vessel

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15
Q

What are the arrows in these images pointing to in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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16
Q

Where are fibroblasts located in CT?

A

loose CT

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17
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete?

A

collagen, reticular and elastin fibres

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18
Q

What do fibroblasts synthesise?

A

collagen, elastin fibres and ground substance

19
Q

What is the structure/shape of fibroblasts?

A

Nucleus ovoid, often flattened, one small nucleolus

Long, thin cytoplasmic processes which blend with matrix

20
Q

When are fibroblasts especially active?

A

during repair at a wound site

21
Q

What is A and B in this image?

A

A) mast cell
B) granules

22
Q

What is the shape of mast cells?

A

ovoid connective tissue cell with spherical nucleus

23
Q

Do mast cells contain granules?

A

YES
many granules in cytoplasm that secrete histamine

24
Q

What is the role of herapin?

A

anti-coagulant

decrease clotting

25
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

Found especially in skin and mucous membranes – immune response, allergy anaphylaxis!

26
Q

What causes mast cells to release histamine?

A

Exposure to antigen leads to reaction and release of histamine-containing granules

27
Q

What is a macrophage?

A

phagocytic and lysosomal

28
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

produce and secrete antibodies (B cells)

29
Q

What is a lymphocyte?

A

smallest of the CT cells 6-8mm, immune response)

B and T cells, secondary immune response

30
Q

What is a Melanocyte?

A

Pigment cells

provide pigmentation and thus photoprotection from ultraviolet radiation.

31
Q

What is the mesenchyme?

A

embryonic (mucous) CT

32
Q

What type of connective tissue is shown?

A

mesenchyme

33
Q

What makes up the mesenchyme?

A

Undifferentiated stellate cells, reticular fibres and large amounts of ground substance

34
Q

What are stellate cells?

A

Stellate cells are quiescent fibroblasts that normally reside in sinusoidal walls within the subendothelial space of Disse. Stellate cells are activated by inflammatory mediators to commence collagen synthesis. Simultaneously, there occurs activation of tissue metalloproteinases that degrade collagen.

35
Q

What replaces mesenchyme develop into in adults?

A

directly replaced by loose CT

36
Q

Does the mesenchyme give rise to all the CT?

A

YES
Usually gives rise to all CT

37
Q

What is the role of the mucous CT?

A

mesenchyme with very large amounts of ground substance present in umbilical cord

38
Q

What is A and B?

A

mesenchyme

39
Q

Identify the tissue shown below

A

adipose

40
Q

Identify the tissue shown below

A

dense regular CT

41
Q

Identify the cells indicated at A and state their function

A

Fibroblast, synthesise collagen and ground substances

42
Q

Identify the type of fibres shown at B

A

collagen fibres

43
Q

Name one location in the body where this type of tissue is found

A

tendons & ligaments

44
Q
A

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences (37 decks)

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