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BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences > Olfactory System > Flashcards

Olfactory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What type of receptors are for taste and smell?

A

Chemoreceptors

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2
Q

What can taste and to a lesser extent smell regulate?

A

GI secretions

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3
Q
A

Olfactory bulb

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4
Q

What is the messenger system used in olfaction?

A

G-protein second messenger system

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

What are the 7 primary qualities of smell?

A

Peppermint
Musk
Floral
Ethereal
Pungent
Putrid
Comphoraceous

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7
Q

What are the second order sensory neurons?

A

Mitral cells

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8
Q
A

Olfactory bulb

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9
Q

What do bi-directional projections give rise to?

A

Smell localisation

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10
Q

Where do olfactory pathways from the nose project to?

A

The cortex

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11
Q

When the Recepgor on cilia is activated, how is the calcium channel opened?

A

Via a GPCR, activates adenalate cyclase

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12
Q

What is the effect of Ca coming into the nerve?

A

Cause an AP, and depolarisation

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13
Q

What is the negative feedback system of Ca2+?

A

Activates calmldulin, inhibition of AC

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14
Q

What glamerulae are most highly activated?

A

Red and green

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15
Q

How is the what are the zones of the olfactory epithelium?

A

Zone I to IV in the olfactory bulb

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16
Q

In the retina, what is the difference in the caudal, and Rosetta’s receptors?

A

Sites for inhibitory ligand, highly expressed here. Expressed less in the restraints part

17
Q

What does the vomeronasal organ detect?

A

Pheromones

18
Q

How does the vomeronasal organ connect to the olfactory bulb?

A

Anterior to the posterior olfactory bulb

19
Q

Does the vomeronasal organ signal to the olfactory in a gradient?

A

Yes

20
Q

Do humans have a vomeronasal organ?

A

Likely no

21
Q

What is the competitive model?

A

The trans olfactory neurones receptors are competed out, the ligand can’t bind the trans receptors..

22
Q

What are olfactory sheathing cells?

A

Sheathing cells can support regeneration of olfactory bulb neurons

Could regenerate CNS

BDS2 Applied Medical Sciences (37 decks)

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