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Gastrointestinal > Oesophageal Motility Disorder > Flashcards

Oesophageal Motility Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What type of disorder is diffuse oesophageal spasm?

A

Hypermotility disorder

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2
Q

How does diffuse oesophageal spasm present?

A

Severe episodic chest pain

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3
Q

How is diffuse oesophageal spasm diagnosed?

A

Barium swallow

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4
Q

What would you see on a barium swallow of diffuse oesophageal spasm?

A

Corkscrew appearance

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5
Q

What would you see on manometry of diffuse oesophageal spasm?

A

Exaggerated, uncoordinated hypertonic contractions

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6
Q

What is the management of diffuse oesophageal spasm?

A

Smooth muscle relaxants

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7
Q

What type of disorder is Achalasia?

A

Hypomotility disorder

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8
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in distal oesophagus

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9
Q

What does achalasia lead to?

A

Failure of oesophageal peristalsis and relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)

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10
Q

What does achalasia cause?

A

Functional distal obstruction of oesophagus

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11
Q

How does achalasia present?

A

Progressive dysphasia for solids and liquids
Chest pain
Heart burn
Weight loss
Regurgitation

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12
Q

What is the pharmacological management of achalasia?

A

Nitrates

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13
Q

What is the endoscopic management of achalasia?

A

Botulinum toxin

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14
Q

What is the radiological management of achalasia?

A

Pneumatic balloon dilatation

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15
Q

What would you see on radiology of someone with achalasia?

A

Dilated oesophagus that tapers at the lower oesophageal sphincter.

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16
Q

What is achalasia due to?

A

Degenerative loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus

17
Q

How can achalasia be diagnosed?

A

oesophageal manometry
barium swallow
chest x-ray

18
Q

What is main diagnostic imaging for achalasia?

A

oesophageal manometry

19
Q

What would you see on manometry of someone with achalasia?

A

Excessive LOS tone which doesn’t relax on swallowing

20
Q

What would you see on a barium swallow of someone with achalasia?

A

Grossly expanded oesophagus, fluid level
‘bird’s beak’ appearance

21
Q

What can be considered for management of achalasia if it is recurrent?

A

Heller cardiomyotomy

Gastrointestinal (65 decks)

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