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Gastrointestinal > Hepatocellular Carcinoma > Flashcards

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main types of liver cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma

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2
Q

Which type of liver cancer is more common?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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3
Q

What is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide?

A

Hepatitis B

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4
Q

What are the other causes of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Alcohol

Viral hepatitis- B and C

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5
Q

What is the main cause of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Primary Sclerosing cholangitis

(unless more than 50)

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6
Q

How does hepatocellular carcinoma present?

A

features of liver cirrhosis or failure
–Jaundice
–Ascites
–RUQ pain
–Hepatomegaly
–Pruritus
–Splenomegaly

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7
Q

How does cholangiocarcinoma typically present?

A

Painless jaundice

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8
Q

What are the main investigations for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

AFP- Alpha-feto protein

Liver ultrasound

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9
Q

What are the main investigations for cholangiocarcinoma?

A

CA19-9

ERCP

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10
Q

What is alpha-feto protein?

A

The tumour biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma

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11
Q

What is CA19-9?

A

The tumour biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma

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12
Q

Why would you carry out ERCP if cholangiocarcinoma is suspected?

A

To take biopsies

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13
Q

What is CT/MRI used for?

A

Staging

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14
Q

What is the management of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Resection of area of the liver
Liver transplant
Kinase inhibitors

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15
Q

When would you carry out a liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

If the HCC is restricted to the liver

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16
Q

What is HCC resistant to?

A

Chemo and radio therapy

17
Q

Which kinase inhibitors can be used in the treatment of HCC?

A

Sorafenib
Regorafenib
Lenvatinib

18
Q

What is the management of cholangiocarcinoma in the early stages?

A

Surgical resection

19
Q

What would you do if the cholangiocarcinoma was compressing the bile ducts?

A

Stent in the bile ducts via ERCP

20
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma resistant to?

A

Chemo and radio therapy

21
Q

Where is hepatocellular carcinoma more common?

A

China

Africa

22
Q

What are the curative options for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

early disease: surgical resection
liver transplantation
radiofrequency ablation

23
Q

Which groups of people whould be screened for hepatcellular carcinoma?

A

patients liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B & C or haemochromatosis

men with liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol

24
Q

What is the most common cuase of hepatocellular carcinoma in Europe?

A

Hepatitis C

25
Q

Liver cirrhosis secondary to which conditions increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Hepatitis B & C
Alcohol
Haemochromatosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis

Gastrointestinal (65 decks)

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