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Gastrointestinal > Oesophageal Carcinoma > Flashcards

Oesophageal Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Which part of the oesophagus does squamous cell carcinoma affect?

A

Upper 2/3’s

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3
Q

Which part of the oesophagus does adenocarcinoma affect?

A

Lower 1/3

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4
Q

Which form of oesophageal carcinoma is more common worldwide?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

Which form of oesophageal carcinoma is more common in the western world?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

What are the causes of Adenocarcinoma?

A

Main
–GORD
–Barret’s oesophagus
Other
–Smoking
–Obesity

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7
Q

What is Barret’s oesophagus?

A

GORD causes squamous cells to become glandular

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8
Q

How does Adenocarcinoma present?

A 
Progressive dysphasia (solids to liquids)
Weight loss 
Lumps in throat 
Loss of appetite
Hoarseness of voice
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9
Q

What causes voice to become hoarse in oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Invasion of laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

What are the investigations for oesophageal carcinoma?

A

GI endoscopy and biopsy

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11
Q

What would you use if GI endoscopy was contraindicated?

A

Barium swallow

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12
Q

What is used for staging in oesophageal cancer?

A

CT of Chest, abdomen and pelvis

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13
Q

What is the management of oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Resection of the tumour
(Ivor-Lewis type oesophagectomy)

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14
Q

What is the management of oesophageal carcinoma if it isn’t rescetible?

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy

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15
Q

What is the palliative management of oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Stenting to allow swallowing

Intubation to allow adequate nutrients

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16
Q

What might patients die of with oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Bronchopneumonia due to aspiration

17
Q

What is the most common presenting feature of oesphageal cancer?

A

Progressive dysphasia to solids and liquids

18
Q

What are the other possible symptoms of oesophageal cancer?

A

Odynophagia
Anorexia
Weight loss
Vomiting

19
Q

Does oesophageal cancer have a good prognosis?

A

No- oesophageal cancer often presents late and has an overall 5-year survival of approximately 15%

20
Q

What are the main causes of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

smoking
alcohol
achalasia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
diets rich in nitrosamines

Gastrointestinal (65 decks)

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