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Gastrointestinal > Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease > Flashcards

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is GORD due to?

A

Acid from the stomach refluxes through the LOS and irritates the lining of the oesophagus

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2
Q

How does GORD present?

A

Acid Regurgitation
Bloating, Water Brash
Cough (nocturnal)
Dyspepsia (heartburn)

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3
Q

How does dyspepsia present?

A

Retrosternal chest pain

Worse when lying down or after eating

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4
Q

What are the main causes of GORD?

A

Hiatus hernia
Smoking
Obesity
H. Pylori

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5
Q

How is GORD diagnosed?

A

Urea breath test

Endoscopy

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6
Q

What is a urea breath test used to test for?

A

H. Pylori

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7
Q

What would cause an incorrect result on a urea breath test?

A

Taking PPI’s 2 weeks before

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8
Q

When would you carry out an endoscopy for GORD?

A

If:
- Dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)
- Over 55 with ALARM symptoms

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9
Q

What are the ALARM symptoms?

A 
Weight loss
Dysphasia 
Nausea/Vomiting 
Over 55
Treatment resistant dyspepsia 
Low haemoglobin/ raised platelets
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10
Q

What is the main complication of GORD?

A

Barrett’s oesophagus

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11
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

Pre-malignant change for Adenocarcinoma

LO epithelium changes from squamous to columnar (metaplasia)

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12
Q

What is the lifestyle management of GORD?

A

Weight loss
Stop smoking
Reduce tea, coffee and alcohol
Small, light meals

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13
Q

What is the medical management of GORD?

A

Ant-acid
PPI
Alginates

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14
Q

What ant-acid would be given for GORD?

A

Magnesium trisilicate

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15
Q

Which Alginate would be given for GORD?

A

Gaviscon

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16
Q

Which PPI would be given for GORD?

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

17
Q

What is the surgical management of GORD?

A

Laparoscopic fundoplication

18
Q

What are other complications of GORD?

A

Ulceration
Strictures
Oesophagitis
Iron deficiency

19
Q

What is GORD due to?

A

Defective LOS

20
Q

What is the initial management of GORD if endoscopically proven oesophagitis?

A

Full dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 1-2 months

21
Q

How is the treatment changed after full dose PPI for 1-2 months if there is a response?

A

if response then low dose treatment as required

22
Q

What is the management if there is no response to 1-2 months of full dose PPI?

A

if no response then double-dose PPI for 1 month

23
Q

What is the Endoscopically negative reflux disease?

A

full dose PPI for 1 month

24
Q

What is the management of endoscopic negative refleux disease if no response to PPI?

A

if no response then H2RA or prokinetic for one month

25
Q

What is an example of a H2RA drug?

A

Ranitidine

Gastrointestinal (65 decks)

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