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Gastrointestinal > Haemorrhoids > Flashcards

Haemorrhoids Flashcards

1
Q

What are haemorrhoids?

A

Enlarged vascular cushions

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2
Q

What are haemorrhoids associated with?

A

Constipation and straining

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3
Q

What are haemorrhoids common with?

A

Pregnancy
Obesity
Increased age
Increased Intra-abdominal pressure

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4
Q

How do haemorrhoids mainly present?

A

Asymptomatically

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5
Q

What are possible symptoms of haemorrhoids?

A

Painless
Bight red bleeding- on tissue paper
Lump on inside of anus

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6
Q

What would you find on examination of someone with haemorrhoids?

A

External/prolapsed haemorrhoids- see
Internal haemorrhoids- Felt on PR
May appear when ask patient to bear down

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7
Q

What would you use for proper visualisation and inspection of haemorrhoids?

A

Proctoscopy

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8
Q

What is the non-surgical management of haemorrhoids?

A

Rubber band ligation

Injection sclerotherapy

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9
Q

What is the surgical management of haemorrhoids?

A

Haemorrhoidectomy

Stapled haemorrhoidectomy

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10
Q

What are thrombosed haemorrhoids?

A

Strangulation at the base of the haemorrhoids- Thrombosis

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11
Q

How do thrombosed haemorrhoids present?

A

Purplish, tender, swollen lumps around anus

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12
Q

What would you find on a PR exam of someone with thrombosed haemorrhoids?

A

Very painful

PR exam may not be painful

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13
Q

What is the outcome of thrombosed haemorrhoids?

A

Resolve in time- can take weeks

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14
Q

What should you test for if there is prolonged bleeding?

A

Anaemia

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15
Q

What dietary management can be as effective as injection sclerotherapy?

A

Fibre supplementation

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16
Q

What is the management of thrombosed hemorrhoids if the patient presents within 72 hours of the onset of pain?

A

Offer admission for surgical management (excision)

17
Q

What is the management of thrombosed hemorrhoids if the patient presents afrer72 hours of the onset of pain?

A

Conservative- Advise analgesia and stool softeners, suggest ice packs around the area

18
Q

What are the 2 classifications of hemorrhoids?

A

Internal and external

19
Q

What are the features of internal hemorrhoids?

A

originate above the dentate line
do not generally cause pain

20
Q

What are the features of external hemorrhoids?

A

originate below the dentate line
prone to thrombosis, may be painful

Gastrointestinal (65 decks)

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