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Alimentory System > Oesophageal disorders > Flashcards

Oesophageal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what level does the osephage start at

A

c6

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2
Q

what level does the oesphagus end at

A

t11/t12

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3
Q

what lines the eosphagus

A

stratified squamous epitheilum

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4
Q

what nerve control osephagel swallowing

A

vagus

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5
Q

what level of resting pressure is n the lower oesophagl shincter

A

high

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6
Q

what are teh symptoes of osephgal disesae

A

heart burn, waterbrash- bad taste in mouth, cough

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7
Q

what food/ drinks make reflux worse

A

, alchol nicotine due to reduded los pressure

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8
Q

what are teh symptoms of oesophageal dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing certain flood adn liquids

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9
Q

what is the location of osephagl dysphai

A

oropharyngeal or oesophageal

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10
Q

what to ask about osephagl dysphagia

A

type of food, pattern, ascoaced symptoms (weightlso, reguarataion, cough)

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11
Q

what are teh causes of oesophagus disease

A

benign strucres, malignatn strucies, motility disorders (achalsaia, presbyosepgus, eosphilic oesphagits, extrins compression (lung cancer)

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12
Q

investigon for oesophagel disase

A

endocops either upper gi endocopy
or
oesophago gastro duodenscopy

contrast radiobly - barium swallow

oesophagla ph metry ( sensor with ph messauerement) can be over 48 hr

osephagle manomenty (measere the movement of the oesphage

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13
Q

examples of hypermotilty osepgal disoeres

A

diffuse oespagel spasm

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14
Q

examples of hypomotiily disorders

A

ct disease, diabetes neurooyr

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15
Q

effect of diffusre osep;gal spasm

A

sever episoic chest pain whihc could be confused with mi
hypertrophic structures
uncorodeanted smooth muscles control

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16
Q

what does hypermovbily look like on a barium swallow

A

corkscrew apparance

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17
Q

what fialures in hypo mobility

A

los

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18
Q

what is achalasia

A

loso of fuciton of teh myenteric pleus gangion in the oespalga nd los, meaning los will not relax

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19
Q

when does achalasi normally occur

A

3rd to 5th decade

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20
Q

what are the sympoms of achalasia

A

progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids
weight loss
chest pain
regurgitation and chest infection

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21
Q

what are the treat ment for achalmisa

A

phacologica - nitrates, ccb,
endoscopic
endoscopic, botox pnuatic ballow dilati;on
radiloc pnumait baloown dilation
surgical myotomy

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22
Q

complicaitons of aschlasion

A

asopirational pneumonia and lung disease
incraed risk of squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma

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23
Q

what percent of adults hae gord

A

7%

24
Q

what are teh symptoms of gord

A

heartburn, cough, water brash, sleep disturbance

25
Q

what are the risk factors for gord

A

pregnacy, obesity, drugs lowering los pressure, smoking, alcholism, hypomotility

26
Q

what gender and ethnicyt does gord mainly effect

A

men and cuacation and black ethnicty

27
Q

does gord need diganosic testing to be diagnosed

A

no

28
Q

will endoscopy show evidnece of gord

A

not in almostalll cases

29
Q

what are the alarm features of gord

A

weight loss, vomminting, dysphargia

30
Q

what physiological things can cause gord

A

transient relaxitoin of los
hypotensive los
delayed gastic tempting
osepgal acid clearance is reduced
tissue resiance to acid/ bile is reduced

31
Q

what anatomical absomailes can cause gord

A

hiatus herina

32
Q

what are type 1 and type 2 hiatus hernia

A

1 - sliding( expansino of bolottom of hiatus) , 2 para osepgal (septarte part of ufncgus is through)

33
Q

what age is nomrally experice hiatus hernia

A

over 50 years old

34
Q

what are the complication of gord

A

ulceration
stricutre
glandular metaplaseia
carcinoma

35
Q

what is barretts spaghsus

A

damage to the disatla end as a reuslt to prolonged acid exposure

36
Q

what chagne is seen in barretts oesophagus

A

squamous to mucin sequcion columnar cells nthe lower oespghaus

37
Q

what is a risk of barretss oespaghsu

A

substancly higher likleyhood of developig osephagul cancer

38
Q

what is the treatment for barretss oesphagus

A

endoscopic mucosal reseciton ( using laser to remove part of osepahgsu surface)
ratio frequcly ablaton
oseophagluly (removing part or all of oesophagus)

39
Q

what is the treatment for gord

A

lifestyle measure e.g. lose weight, reduce caffeine,

pharmacological,
alginates e.g. gaviscaon
h2 receptor antageon e.g. ranitidine
proton pump inhibtors e.g omeprazole and lansoprazole
anti reflux surgery

40
Q

how commmon is oesphagul cancer

A

5th ranced in cancer moroatly ranked

41
Q

what type of cancer is the most common in western world

A

adenocarcinam then squamous

42
Q

what type of cancer is most common in developing word

A

squamou then adenocarcima

43
Q

what are the sympoms of osepahg cancer

A

anorexia and weighloss
progressive dysphagia
odynophagia (painful swallowing)
chest pain
cough
pnumia
vocal cord paralysh
haematomesis (vomiting blood)

44
Q

squamous cell carcinoma location on oepshaus

A

proximal and middl ethrid of oesphaus

45
Q

what are risk factors for squamous cell caricnoma

A

toacco, alchol, and possibly vitamen deficenty

46
Q

what other symphtoms are there with squamous cell carcinoma

A

achalasia, caustic strictures, plummer vinson syndrome

47
Q

what is the apperance of squamous cell carinoma

A

large exophytic occluding tumours

48
Q

where are adenocarcona often foudn

A

distal oesophaugs

49
Q

what are adenocarcinoma associed with

A

barreets oesophaugs

50
Q

what is the prognos of oesphagus cancer

A

5 year srvivcal less than 10%

51
Q

what is the investigatio for oesphagel cancer

A

endocpy and bi[ys

stadging
- ct
endoscopic ultrasound
pet scan
bone scan

tnm classification for staging

52
Q

what is the metasions of osepahgul cancer

A

fast progresioin

due to no serosla linging in mesiaum it can inveate heart tracheal and aorat
meatai in hepatic, brain, pulmonary and bone

53
Q

what are the treatement opitons for oesphagul cancer

A

surgical oesophagectomybefore and after chemothearphyy (high mobidy (10%))

nutrionla support
chemo and radiotherapy inpove surpval after 1 year

radio therapy
brachylytherpy

54
Q

what is eospillic oshgaics

A

chronci immune allergen mediated contion defiend by clinclly by spomy of oepshagl dysction and pathology by eosinophulllinc filgtation in the abscenf of secionary causes

55
Q

what is teh teratment for eospillic oespgis

A

corticosteraiod
dieteary elination
endocpoic dilation

56
Q
A

Alimentory System (19 decks)

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