Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentory System > Main functions of the liver > Flashcards

Main functions of the liver Flashcards

1
Q

what are the role of the liver

A

production of the clooting factors
bile acids
carohyrades production, gluconugesi
protein synstes
lipdis
hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does the liver detodxy

A

removal of urea
detoxifciation of drugs
bilirubin metabolism
breakdown of insulin and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the immune function of liver

A

clearning blood of particel and infectiosn including bacteria
nutrilsing and destroying all drugs and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does hte liver store

A

vid d, a, b12 and k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of bilirubin is bond to albumin

A

unconjugated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is unconfugae soluble in water

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

can unconjuaged bilirubi pass through brain barrier

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are amniotransferases

A

enzymes present in the hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which is mroe speici, alt or ast

A

alt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what chemical sratin piotns toward ald

A

ast, alt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is alkaline phosphatas

A

enzyme presnet in bile duct with is elvetated in liver obstion or infaiton,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where can alkaline phosphatise be found

A

bile ducts, obstuaiotn and livver infaltion, bones, placent and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does radiwd gamma gt mean

A

alchol use or drug suc as nsaids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does low levels of albumin mena

A

kidney disoroer or chronci liver diseaes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a low prothorbin time indicitiv off

A

liver dysfuctoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does creatine mean

A

determes surfial from liver deia nad need for transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can a low platelte count indicate

A

hyperslenism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the platlet count an indirect mraker of

A

portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of liver failure

A

jaundice
ascites
variceal bleed
hepatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causes of preheaptic jandice

A

increased quantity of bilirubin
imparied transprot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hepatic causes of jaundice

A

defectvie uptake of bilirubin
defective conjugation
defective excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

post hepatic jaundice cause

A

defective tranport of bilirubin by th biliary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the cues on hisrotyr for pre hepatic jaundice

A

anemica
acholuri jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

clues on history for hepatic jaundice

A

risk foactr for liver diesea e.g. ivdu
decompresation - acidtes, varicela bleed, encephalopahty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clues on history for post hepatic jaundice

A

abdomial pain
cholestatis - pale stool, high colured urine, prutitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is seen on clical examination for pre hepatic jaundice

A

pallor, splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is seen on clincial examion for hepatic jaundice

A

stigmata of cld,
ascites
asterixis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is seen on clinal examintion for post hepatic jaundice

A

palpable gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what blood investigation can be done for jandice

A

hep b and c serology
auto antibody porife
caerulopasmin and copper
ferritin and transferrin saturation
alph 1 antitrypsin
fasting glucose adn lipid profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what can be seen for ultra sound in jaundice patins

A

see where the obstion is and wherther it is extraphatic or intra hepatic
delinetas site of obstuciotn
cause of obstruction
portal hypertension
see cancer spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

main benift of ct/mri over sultrat

A

higher senityite, betteer for pancrease

32
Q

what is ercp

A

uses endoscpoe and x ray to diagnose paites

33
Q

what is mrcp

A

a scan using mri and contrast maerks, no die is added

34
Q

what is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

placing an endocpy in paitent and using radiation to highlight areas of issues
uses markers

35
Q

how can ercp be usedd therpatuily

A

dilate bialry tree
acute gaoll stones
stenting of ulary tract obsiton

36
Q

complicaton of ercp

A

sedation
pancratis,
cholangistis
sphincteromeoty

37
Q

what is choleecocholithiaiss

A

gall sotnses in common bile duct

38
Q

what is the role of the percutaneous transhepathic cholangiogarm

A

when ercp not possible due to duodeal obstuoi fo previous serve
hilar stengin
injects die into skin tgehn use ct to look at it

39
Q

what is main differece in ercp and ptc

A

ercp more invaise, it uses a dye injected into liver through skin, does not require endosocpty

40
Q

does mrcp use contrast

A

no

41
Q

what is endoscopic ultrasound

A

a tiney proe is enter into the skin and used for biypys

42
Q

what can endoscopic biopsy be used for

A

characterin pancreatic masses, stadging of tumours, fine needle aspiarto of tumor and cysts, excluding biliar mcirocalculi

43
Q

what can be found with a liver biopsy

A

certain conditions sucha s autoimmune hepatitis
confirm diagnos e.g. pbc, drug induced liver injury

important for staing of severity e.g. alcholich hepatis, nafld

44
Q

what is chornic liver diese

A

liver diase that lasts more than 6 months

45
Q

what are the causes of cirrhosis

A

alchol
autoimmune - primary biliary cholangitis, primary schlerosis cholangitis
haemochromatosi
chronci viral hepatisis b,c
non alcholic fatty liver disease
drugs - amiodarne
cysitic fibrosis, a1 antipyin difice, wilsons disese
vascualr probls - portal hypertion
cyrpotgenic
sacodois
amyloid
schistomiasis

46
Q

what pathological change is seen in liver as a result of cirrhosis

A

infilataiton of lymphocytes
apotopic heapcyts (enlagemnet and change in nucli)
kupffer cel acited
suinoi lumne with increased resistance to blood flow

47
Q

what are the presentaion of componseaeted chronic liver diseae

A

screening tests
abnomal liver funcion tests

48
Q

what are the presenation of decompansted liver disese

A

hepatorenal syndome
ascites
varicela bleeding
hepatic encephalopahty

49
Q

what are acites

A

fluid in the free space in abdomen

50
Q

how to confirm ascites

A

ultrasound

51
Q

what are the periphal signs of ascites

A

spiders neivie, palmar erythema, abdomial veins, fetor hepaticus, umilical nodule
jvp
flank haematoma

52
Q

what tests are needed for new onset asciteis

A

proetin and albumin concentation
cell count and differentials
sagg - serum
cell count

53
Q

what does 1.1g /dl cut of mean

A

if hte serum asice graide is great than 1.1g/ dl it is proal hyptension related
if less than 1.1. it is non portla hyperaion related

54
Q

causes of ascities

A

portal hypertension
Low serum albumin causing reduced plasma oncotic pressure
Hypoperfusion of the kidneys leading to activation of the renin-angiotensin system leading to salt and water retention

55
Q

what extra tests could be done for asciti fludi

A

tb culture
cytolgy
triglueride
bilirubuin

56
Q

cause of sagg above 1.1.

A

portal hypertoisn
chf
constrictive pericarditis
budd chiarri
myxedema
massive liver metates

57
Q

what cause sagg below 1.1

A

malignancy, tb, chylous asciteis, pancretic, biliary ascietes, nephrotic syndrome, serositis

58
Q

what are the treatment options for ascites

A

diuretics
large volume paracenties
tips
aquareetics
liver transplations

59
Q

what is heptarenoal sydrome

A

artiers in kidney deteriorate due to increase in rass, and the heart increase contagion due to tachycardia

60
Q

what cuawes heptaroenal syndoem

A

sever liver cirrhosis

61
Q

what is the treamte for heptaorenla syneom

A

vasosuppersi, liver transoalt , voluem exspantoin of albium

62
Q

what cuase viceral heamorages

A

portal hyperension

63
Q

where are portaoysmpysci astomsie

A

skin - caput medusa
oesophagel and gastric
rectal
posterial abdomal wall
stomal

64
Q

what are the varices with portal hyptension

A

caput medusae, rectal varices, oesophagel varcies

65
Q

whis the treatmen for varcies hemoargese

A

recussitiaon, iv treatnem, endocopy band ligation, teripressin for contoal, sengestilblakemore tube , tipss for rebleed after banding

66
Q

what is hepatic encephalopathy

A

confusion due to liver disease, due to toxin buildup

67
Q

what is seen with hepatic encoepy symptions

A

gi bleed, infection, constipation, dehydration,
Asterixis - flapping tremor
foetoer hepatics - choronci bad breath

68
Q

what is the terament for hepatic encephaly

A

underliing cause traament
antiboitix including neopycin and broad spectrino
laxatives - phsphe enemas nd lactulse

69
Q

what is the most common liver cancer

A

hepatoceluar carcinoma

70
Q

presenationof hepatcelluar carcinoma

A

abdmoial mass
abdomial pain
weight loss
bleeding form tumouur

71
Q

what ar the radiolical tests for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

ultrasound, ct, mri

72
Q

what are the turmor markers for heptacolluar carcinoma

A

afp

73
Q

treatment for hepaceluar carcinoma

A

hepatic rection
liver transpland
chemotharpy - local or systematic
alcohol injection
radioterhfatoin ablation
tki inhitoar
hormonal therapy

74
Q

ways to deliver local chaimrey

A

trasncatherter arterlial chemoa embolization

75
Q

tki infoar for hepacelluar carciaons

A

sorafenib

76
Q

hormone therapy for hepacelluar cancer

A

tamoxifen

77
Q

what is used to stop bleeding of oepsygal vercies

A

terrepressin

Alimentory System (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions