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Alimentory System > hepatobillary pathology > Flashcards

hepatobillary pathology Flashcards

1
Q

fucntions of hte liver

A

protein syntheis,
metabolism of fat and carbs
detoxification of alcohol and toxin and drugs

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2
Q

what is hepatitis

A

inflation of the liver

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3
Q

what are cuaes of hepatiis

A

viruses, alchol, drugs

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4
Q

what are the types of food and water hepatitises

A

a, e

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5
Q

what are hte sexula hepatpites

A

b, c

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6
Q

in what type of hep can the outcome be resolution of inflation to normal state

A

a, e

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7
Q

in what type of hepatitis cna lead to liver failure

A

a, b, e

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8
Q

in what type of hepatis can lead to progressive chonic hepatites and cirroshos

A

b, c

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9
Q

what is the changes in the lver as a result of alcholoic liver disease

A

acute inflatiomation, liver cell death, liver failure,
liver becomes much more fatty

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10
Q

cause of jondice

A

increase in bilrubin

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11
Q

what are the pathwarys whih ccan lead to bilirubin metabolism

A

prehepatic
hepatic
post hepatic

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12
Q

prehepabitc bilicrumb metabolism

A

breakdown of haemogloin in splen for form haem and globin
haem concreged to bilurin
biliruin realsed into circuation

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13
Q

what are hte hepatic metabolisjm of bilirubin

A

uptake of bilirubin by hepatocytes
conjugtated bilirubin into billary system
excretion of conjugated bilirubin into biliary system

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14
Q

pathway of bilirubin metabolism post hepatic

A

transprot of conjugated bilirubin in billary system
breakdown of bilirubin conjugate in intesitnes
reabsopnton of biliruin though enterhepatic circution

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15
Q

preheabtic jaueince

A

increawse relase of heamoglonin from red blood cells (haemolysis)

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16
Q

hepatic cuase of jaundice

A

cholestasis,
intrahepatic bile duct obstucton

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17
Q

cholestasis

A

accumulaton of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi

18
Q

causes of cholestais

A

viral hepatiis
alchol hepatis
liver failure
drugs

19
Q

what is the differnece betwen predicatibs and unpredicel drug induced symptsons

A

unpredictable - any dose can cause an adverse reaction
predictable - more likely to happen in higher doesse

20
Q

what is intrahepatic bile duct obstrucrtion cuases

A

tumours of the liver
priamry sclerosing cholangistis
primar biliary cholangitis

21
Q

what are example of tumours of the liver

A

hepatocellurla carcinoma
turmours within intrahepatic bile ducts
metatisc tumours

22
Q

what is primary biliary cholangitis

A

an organ spefic granulomatus inflatoin involving the bile ducts
it is autoimmune
cuase loss of intrahepatic bile ducts and causes cirrhosis

23
Q

what is the sign of primary biliary cholangits

A

raised alkaline phosphatase

24
Q

who is mainly effected by primianry bilary cholangitis

A

feimales

25
Q

what type of cell is effected by primary bilary choldites

A

mitochonial antibodies

26
Q

how is mianly effected by sclerosing cholangitis

A

young men with ibf

27
Q

what is damaged as a result of primary sclerosing cholagits

A

chromic inflation and firbous obliter of bile ducts
loss of intra hepatic bile ducts

28
Q

disting feature betwene sclerosing and bilary

A

no grnamuos tissue in sclerosing i

29
Q

what happen sin long tern primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

prgoressive to cirrhosis
incresing the risk of development of cholangiocarnioa

30
Q

what are the causes of cirrhosis

A

alchol
hep b, c
immune mediated liver diease, auto immune hepatis
preimary birlary cholangits
metabolic disorers
excess iorn
- primary haemochomatoes
excess coppers
- wilsons disae
obeisions
- diabtes melluitsi

31
Q

complicaitons of cirrhosis

A

altered liver function
abnomral blood flow - protal hyperteion
incraed risk of hepatocleluar coarcinoma

32
Q

what cell is infected in heptocellluar carncinma

A

hepatocytes

33
Q

what cell in infceted in cholangiocarcinoma

A

bile epithelium

34
Q

what are post hepatic causes of jaundice

A

choleithiasis (bile stones)
diseases of gall bladder
extrahepatic duct obstruction

35
Q

what are risk factos for gallstones

A

diabtes
obesity

36
Q

what si acute cholcystissi

A

inflatom of the gall bladder

37
Q

effect of acute cholecytsi

A

empyema
- bilariay peritoneis (bile in the abdomial cavity
perforation fo the gall balder

38
Q

what is chronic cholesy

A

fibross of the gall bladder

39
Q

what are the causes of common bile duct obstruction

A

gall stoens
bile duct tumous
benign stricture
exterial compes ie tumours of other orans

40
Q

effect of bile ductio obstion

A

jaundice
no bile exfeitn into duceum, leading to steokarea
infceiton of bile proximal to obsrtionction
sectionary bilary cirrhosis

41
Q
A

Alimentory System (32 decks)

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