Ailemtnaary tract pathology part 1 Flashcards
what are the cells in the mucosa
goblet cells, columnuar absorbite cells , endocinre cells
hat are hte cell in the crypts
stem, goblet, endocirnea nd peneth(immune)
how frequely is the cells in the gi renewed
every 4-6 days
what is hte differnce between samll and large bowl histology
small blow has villi
large bowl has different cell turnover ate slightly
crypas are bigger and more tubular
causes of intestinal immune system dysfucnction
chonci disease, life threling acure conditon
is the myernteirc pleux intinsic or extrinic
intrinisc
what are the causes of inflamtior bolw disase
ulcerative colitis
crohns disease
ischaemic oclitis
radiation colitis
appenditisd
what are the 2 main cuases of idio pathic inflationary blw disasae
chrons and ulcerati cholontis
main differnce betwen cd and uc
uc limited to colon, cd can effect anywhere
cd is granulomat uc is not
is ibd genetic
yes - upto 15% have first degree relative effected by it
what gene mutaion is assoiced with cd
nod 2
what mutaion is assoacied with uc
hla
what diagiis tools hlep for ibd
panca - perinuclar antinutrophilic cytopalaic antiboyd
postive in 75% of uc ptian adn 11% of cd paitiens
radiographic examtion and biospys
who is most effected by ulcerative colitis
effects genders equly, mail peaks at 20-30 and 70-80 years old
what area is effected by uc
large bolw
what type of pattern of inlfaiotn is seen with uc
continsu inflation
starting at rectum them working its way up
what happens to the cypsi in uc
damage to the cypths and alrge mmount of diassary to it
what are teh main risk of ut
much higher change of developing cancer
haemorages
perforation
toxic dilation
who does chorones maily effect
females, and those between 20-30 and another peak between 60-70
jewis pop
caucasisans
what organs does cd mainly effect
small intesi, and colone evenly
what is teh type of grnauloma in cd
non cessanating gramulomatos
what happens to cyptis in chronies diseaes
destroys cripys
effects long term of cd
fibrois, lymphagnieis, hyperotr of mural nerves
what are the logn term side effects of cd in terms of stucre of the gi
malution
sticures
fistulas and abcessses
perfortaion
high risk of colon cancer
is inflation in cd transmursl or liminted to mucosa
tranmural
are ulcer in uclitve cholite superifal or deep
deep
is the inflation in uc transmurl or limed to mucos
limited to mucosa
are the ulcer in uc superical or deep
superical
what is special about the pattern of distribution in cd
it is vairaible
can ud have fistules
no
what does he ischemic enterieis effect
si or li
what cuaes ischemic enteries
inflation of ceolic, ima or sma or smaller end arties
what is effected in ischemic enteries
mucsia and sumbucoa
causes of artieral ishceiam
atheroschlerois
vasculitis
disscting anyers
hypercoagulation
oragal contraceits
causes of artle embolism
cardiac vgation,
acues atherohtel embois
cholester embolis
causes of none obstrucive ischemia
shock/ dehydration
cardiac failure
vascocotnictive drugs e..g propanol
wheer is acute ichemia most commno
Splenci flexutre
what is the colour change in ishcemia in arteial and venous ischemia
artrial - sharp demarcation
venous - fade generally
what is seen in hisotlgy of acute ischemia
nuclid indictinct
odema,
interaiol haemoargges
if greater an 1-4 dya, bacteia and gangerer
vascual dialtion
what cause chonic ischemia
muscosal inflation
ulceration
submucosal inlflamton
fibrosis
stricutre
what is radiation colitis
when ther is damge to the prolaiotn of the small and large bowl eptithl as a result of pelive raidotherpay
what is most damged in radiaiton colitis
blood vessles, crypt epithelium
symptoms of radiation colitis
anorexia, abdiomial cramps, diarrhoea, malabsoption
what changes are seen in radiation colitis histolgy
bizzare calluar changes
inflation of cyrpt and eosiphis
ulceration
heammorces
necoross
perforation
what is the cause sf apenditis
obstions
feocolith or enterbius vermicularis
what is the cahgne in teh macrophas of appenditis
fibrinopurentlent,
exudate
perforation
abscess
what is the change in wall of appneidits
inflatiomation nte wall and acute gangre whihc is the full thickness
