Ailemtnaary tract pathology part 1

Question 1

what are the cells in the mucosa

Answer 1

goblet cells, columnuar absorbite cells , endocinre cells

Question 2

hat are hte cell in the crypts

Answer 2

stem, goblet, endocirnea nd peneth(immune)

Question 3

how frequely is the cells in the gi renewed

Answer 3

every 4-6 days

Question 4

what is hte differnce between samll and large bowl histology

Answer 4

small blow has villi
large bowl has different cell turnover ate slightly
crypas are bigger and more tubular

Question 5

causes of intestinal immune system dysfucnction

Answer 5

chonci disease, life threling acure conditon

Question 6

is the myernteirc pleux intinsic or extrinic

Answer 6

intrinisc

Question 7

what are the causes of inflamtior bolw disase

Answer 7

ulcerative colitis
crohns disease
ischaemic oclitis
radiation colitis
appenditisd

Question 8

what are the 2 main cuases of idio pathic inflationary blw disasae

Answer 8

chrons and ulcerati cholontis

Question 9

main differnce betwen cd and uc

Answer 9

uc limited to colon, cd can effect anywhere
cd is granulomat uc is not

Question 10

is ibd genetic

Answer 10

yes - upto 15% have first degree relative effected by it

Question 11

what gene mutaion is assoiced with cd

Answer 11

nod 2

Question 12

what mutaion is assoacied with uc

Answer 12

hla

Question 13

what diagiis tools hlep for ibd

Answer 13

panca - perinuclar antinutrophilic cytopalaic antiboyd
postive in 75% of uc ptian adn 11% of cd paitiens
radiographic examtion and biospys

Question 14

who is most effected by ulcerative colitis

Answer 14

effects genders equly, mail peaks at 20-30 and 70-80 years old

Question 15

what area is effected by uc

Answer 15

large bolw

Question 16

what type of pattern of inlfaiotn is seen with uc

Answer 16

continsu inflation
starting at rectum them working its way up

Question 17

what happens to the cypsi in uc

Answer 17

damage to the cypths and alrge mmount of diassary to it

Question 18

what are teh main risk of ut

Answer 18

much higher change of developing cancer
haemorages
perforation
toxic dilation

Question 19

who does chorones maily effect

Answer 19

females, and those between 20-30 and another peak between 60-70
jewis pop
caucasisans

Question 20

what organs does cd mainly effect

Answer 20

small intesi, and colone evenly

Question 21

what is teh type of grnauloma in cd

Answer 21

non cessanating gramulomatos

Question 22

what happens to cyptis in chronies diseaes

Answer 22

destroys cripys

Question 23

effects long term of cd

Answer 23

fibrois, lymphagnieis, hyperotr of mural nerves

Question 24

what are the logn term side effects of cd in terms of stucre of the gi

Answer 24

malution
sticures
fistulas and abcessses
perfortaion
high risk of colon cancer

Question 25

is inflation in cd transmursl or liminted to mucosa

Answer 25

tranmural

Question 26

are ulcer in uclitve cholite superifal or deep

Answer 26

deep

Question 27

is the inflation in uc transmurl or limed to mucos

Answer 27

limited to mucosa

Question 28

are the ulcer in uc superical or deep

Answer 28

superical

Question 29

what is special about the pattern of distribution in cd

Answer 29

it is vairaible

Question 30

can ud have fistules

Answer 30

no

Question 31

what does he ischemic enterieis effect

Answer 31

si or li

Question 32

what cuaes ischemic enteries

Answer 32

inflation of ceolic, ima or sma or smaller end arties

Question 33

what is effected in ischemic enteries

Answer 33

mucsia and sumbucoa

Question 34

causes of artieral ishceiam

Answer 34

atheroschlerois
vasculitis
disscting anyers
hypercoagulation
oragal contraceits

Question 35

causes of artle embolism

Answer 35

cardiac vgation,
acues atherohtel embois
cholester embolis

Question 36

causes of none obstrucive ischemia

Answer 36

shock/ dehydration
cardiac failure
vascocotnictive drugs e..g propanol

Question 37

wheer is acute ichemia most commno

Answer 37

Splenci flexutre

Question 38

what is the colour change in ishcemia in arteial and venous ischemia

Answer 38

artrial - sharp demarcation
venous - fade generally

Question 39

what is seen in hisotlgy of acute ischemia

Answer 39

nuclid indictinct
odema,
interaiol haemoargges
if greater an 1-4 dya, bacteia and gangerer
vascual dialtion

Question 40

what cause chonic ischemia

Answer 40

muscosal inflation
ulceration
submucosal inlflamton
fibrosis
stricutre

Question 41

what is radiation colitis

Answer 41

when ther is damge to the prolaiotn of the small and large bowl eptithl as a result of pelive raidotherpay

Question 42

what is most damged in radiaiton colitis

Answer 42

blood vessles, crypt epithelium

Question 43

symptoms of radiation colitis

Answer 43

anorexia, abdiomial cramps, diarrhoea, malabsoption

Question 44

what changes are seen in radiation colitis histolgy

Answer 44

bizzare calluar changes
inflation of cyrpt and eosiphis
ulceration
heammorces
necoross
perforation

Question 45

what is the cause sf apenditis

Answer 45

obstions
feocolith or enterbius vermicularis

Question 46

what is the cahgne in teh macrophas of appenditis

Answer 46

fibrinopurentlent,
exudate
perforation
abscess

Question 47

what is the change in wall of appneidits

Answer 47

inflatiomation nte wall and acute gangre whihc is the full thickness