Iorn and Upper GI Tract Structure and Function Flashcards
what percent of iorn is absobed acroso the intestine into the blood
10%
what transporter transfers iorn into duodena enterocytes
dmt1
what do iorn iorns join onto to be stoed in the intracelluar
ferritin
what does iorn in blood bind to
transferrin
what is hyperaneia
increase bloow flow in body due to a response
what is the effect of hyperaemia
increase ferritin levels, and more iorn bon dot enteroycets
what is the response of iron to anmes
fretin levels will deceraes so more iorn is realsec into the blood
is heme iorn easier to absobr than non heme iorn
yes, it is more absobable form mateiros such as fish than firbers and milk
what is used to absob heme
hemae oxygenase
what valenc muse an ion be to be absorbed by dmt1
2+
what ion comple with fe to be absorbed by dmt1
any ion with a vavlency of 2+
what is the fucntion of dcytp
to covnerd fe3+ ionto fe2+
what happens to ion after it is based into the cell
it is used as ferritin, in the mitociea or leaves the cell to be tranferitin
how does iorn leave the cell
fpn
what is th danger of tannins
surround the iorn and stops it getting absorbed - 3 tannins need for 1 iorn
what transporer is used to take iorn out of the cell
ferroportin
what chemcial cuae ferropotin to work
hepcidin
what cehmcial turns fe2+ into fe3+ outside the cell
a chemcial ocnvertier
what does fe3+ turn into when it leaves the clel
transferrin
what subst3nce cen decreaes iorn absobe
millk - figits with celcilum
tea / coffe contains chlorogenic acid
what substane increase iorn absorption
citries fruits due to vit c as it turn fe3+ to fe2+ making it more soluble
what is the benfitis of chewing
prolongs the taste experise and defends agains respiratory failure
what nereves are used in chewsing voluntarly
somatic - skeletla musles of moth and faw
what reflex is used for jeiwng
mechain recptors, contraciot of jaw mulse to pressure of food against gums, to hard palate and tongue movent
what are teh 3 sulivardy glands in mouth
submandibluar(belwo tough), sublingual and parotid ( in cheek _
what conects glands to mouth
ducts
what is saliva mainly made out of
water 99%
what is the fucnito fo water in slyvia
softens fluid, modies it, dilues partices acts as a solvent,
what other cehmcial than water are in the mouth
mucins, a amylase, electrolyes, lysozyme
what is the fuction of mucins in the mough
very luberacnt fuction
what is muscins made out of andl what do they combine with
glycoproein and combine with water to make mucus
what do a a amylases do
catalyse brekdow of polyscarrides (starch and glycogein) into disaccaies and glucose
what do electlyes do
balance tonicty and ph
what do lysomyes do
bacteriodcies which ciills plysccadie compoden to bacteira cell wall
what is the effect of parasysmathe innervstio of sylaive
more waterly
what is teh effect of sympatheic innnervatio on salavia
high mucous conetne -
high amylase content
increase in vicious saliva
what is the type of adrenoceptos that work on mucous
a1
what is the type of adrenorecpos that work on amylase
b2
what is the oesophagus lenght
25cm
whath are the 4 layers of the osephagus
mucosa, submucos, muscularies externa and adventis
what is the type of epiteuh of stratified squamous epithelium
non keritensed stratifed squamous
what type of musle is the musclaries external in the osephaugs
upper 1/3 skeleal, lower 2/3 smooth muscle
what is the furst phase of swallowing
oral - pusing teh tough back using food back with it
what isthe pharynget phase of swallowing
soft pallowe frelfeces bakc and up closing up naosphays, f
phalyce musl contrances
what happens as te bolus approaces the ospha
upper oesphga spinkeer relakes and epiglous cover the opening to the larnyx
what happens after hte food enerter teh ospe
upper oesphag spinker colses to prevent reflux and is pulled to the stock
what happens af tehr bulbus gets near to teh stomac
lower osephala sphincter opens
how much can the stomahc volume change
from 50ml to 1500 ml
what is hte fucntin of the stomach
tepoertary storage o fingested memations
disslvoe food partis
deljier content to small ntesin
sterlie ingested materil
produce intridic factos
what are teh 3 mulse larges inn teh exteral muscularies in the stomach from external to internal
longitudical musle layer
cicular musle layer and oblige musle laeyr
what is ht fuciton othe teh oblice musle layer
extra stench
what ishte fucnito fo rugae
it si like curtian, so can change volume but will keep the pressure the same
what isthe mise dalvous sulvia galnds
cominnes mucous alverl and sevous alver ocells
