Iorn and Upper GI Tract Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of iorn is absobed acroso the intestine into the blood

A

10%

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2
Q

what transporter transfers iorn into duodena enterocytes

A

dmt1

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3
Q

what do iorn iorns join onto to be stoed in the intracelluar

A

ferritin

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4
Q

what does iorn in blood bind to

A

transferrin

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5
Q

what is hyperaneia

A

increase bloow flow in body due to a response

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6
Q

what is the effect of hyperaemia

A

increase ferritin levels, and more iorn bon dot enteroycets

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7
Q

what is the response of iron to anmes

A

fretin levels will deceraes so more iorn is realsec into the blood

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8
Q

is heme iorn easier to absobr than non heme iorn

A

yes, it is more absobable form mateiros such as fish than firbers and milk

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9
Q

what is used to absob heme

A

hemae oxygenase

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10
Q

what valenc muse an ion be to be absorbed by dmt1

A

2+

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11
Q

what ion comple with fe to be absorbed by dmt1

A

any ion with a vavlency of 2+

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12
Q

what is the fucntion of dcytp

A

to covnerd fe3+ ionto fe2+

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13
Q

what happens to ion after it is based into the cell

A

it is used as ferritin, in the mitociea or leaves the cell to be tranferitin

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14
Q

how does iorn leave the cell

A

fpn

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15
Q

what is th danger of tannins

A

surround the iorn and stops it getting absorbed - 3 tannins need for 1 iorn

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16
Q

what transporer is used to take iorn out of the cell

A

ferroportin

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17
Q

what chemcial cuae ferropotin to work

A

hepcidin

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18
Q

what cehmcial turns fe2+ into fe3+ outside the cell

A

a chemcial ocnvertier

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19
Q

what does fe3+ turn into when it leaves the clel

A

transferrin

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20
Q

what subst3nce cen decreaes iorn absobe

A

millk - figits with celcilum
tea / coffe contains chlorogenic acid

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21
Q

what substane increase iorn absorption

A

citries fruits due to vit c as it turn fe3+ to fe2+ making it more soluble

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22
Q

what is the benfitis of chewing

A

prolongs the taste experise and defends agains respiratory failure

23
Q

what nereves are used in chewsing voluntarly

A

somatic - skeletla musles of moth and faw

24
Q

what reflex is used for jeiwng

A

mechain recptors, contraciot of jaw mulse to pressure of food against gums, to hard palate and tongue movent

25
Q

what are teh 3 sulivardy glands in mouth

A

submandibluar(belwo tough), sublingual and parotid ( in cheek _

26
Q

what conects glands to mouth

A

ducts

27
Q

what is saliva mainly made out of

A

water 99%

28
Q

what is the fucnito fo water in slyvia

A

softens fluid, modies it, dilues partices acts as a solvent,

29
Q

what other cehmcial than water are in the mouth

A

mucins, a amylase, electrolyes, lysozyme

30
Q

what is the fuction of mucins in the mough

A

very luberacnt fuction

31
Q

what is muscins made out of andl what do they combine with

A

glycoproein and combine with water to make mucus

32
Q

what do a a amylases do

A

catalyse brekdow of polyscarrides (starch and glycogein) into disaccaies and glucose

33
Q

what do electlyes do

A

balance tonicty and ph

34
Q

what do lysomyes do

A

bacteriodcies which ciills plysccadie compoden to bacteira cell wall

35
Q

what is the effect of parasysmathe innervstio of sylaive

A

more waterly

36
Q

what is teh effect of sympatheic innnervatio on salavia

A

high mucous conetne -
high amylase content
increase in vicious saliva

37
Q

what is the type of adrenoceptos that work on mucous

A

a1

38
Q

what is the type of adrenorecpos that work on amylase

A

b2

39
Q

what is the oesophagus lenght

A

25cm

40
Q

whath are the 4 layers of the osephagus

A

mucosa, submucos, muscularies externa and adventis

41
Q

what is the type of epiteuh of stratified squamous epithelium

A

non keritensed stratifed squamous

42
Q

what type of musle is the musclaries external in the osephaugs

A

upper 1/3 skeleal, lower 2/3 smooth muscle

43
Q

what is the furst phase of swallowing

A

oral - pusing teh tough back using food back with it

44
Q

what isthe pharynget phase of swallowing

A

soft pallowe frelfeces bakc and up closing up naosphays, f
phalyce musl contrances

45
Q

what happens as te bolus approaces the ospha

A

upper oesphga spinkeer relakes and epiglous cover the opening to the larnyx

46
Q

what happens after hte food enerter teh ospe

A

upper oesphag spinker colses to prevent reflux and is pulled to the stock

47
Q

what happens af tehr bulbus gets near to teh stomac

A

lower osephala sphincter opens

48
Q

how much can the stomahc volume change

A

from 50ml to 1500 ml

49
Q

what is hte fucntin of the stomach

A

tepoertary storage o fingested memations
disslvoe food partis
deljier content to small ntesin
sterlie ingested materil
produce intridic factos

50
Q

what are teh 3 mulse larges inn teh exteral muscularies in the stomach from external to internal

A

longitudical musle layer
cicular musle layer and oblige musle laeyr

51
Q

what is ht fuciton othe teh oblice musle layer

A

extra stench

52
Q

what ishte fucnito fo rugae

A

it si like curtian, so can change volume but will keep the pressure the same

53
Q

what isthe mise dalvous sulvia galnds

A

cominnes mucous alverl and sevous alver ocells