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Alimentory System > Colorectal cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

main type of colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

where is colorectal cancer normally found

A

2/3 colon, 1/3 rectum

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3
Q

what percent of colorectal cancer are sporadic

A

85%

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4
Q

what percent of cancer are familary

A

10%

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5
Q

what percent ofcaner is inheritable

A

5

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6
Q

wher to colorepati polyps origin form

A

epithelual or mesenchymal

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7
Q

risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

age, male gender, previous adenoma, enviromental influces, die,(high alcho, low fibre and fruit and veg, low calcium) , obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

main hisotoloyg types of colorecal poplys

A

tubular, villous, indermeinate tubulovillous

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9
Q

what is the differnt ypes of mopthay of cnacer

A

pendunculated (gorw from stem)
sessile - attached to a wide base

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10
Q

stages of adeno carniioma growth

A

noramal epitsm,to small adenoma to large adenoma to invasie adenocari to metatses

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11
Q

what mucation cause a small adeno caroin to change to a large ademas

A

k ras muation

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12
Q

what matuion cuase a large adenoato change to an invase admocar

A

p53

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13
Q

activation of okogene exampels

A

k ras and c myc

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14
Q

loss of tumor supprpesion gene exapes

A

apc, p53, dcc

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15
Q

defective dna repair patheawy exaples

A

microsatelatie instabilty

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16
Q

what is the typlica symptosn of colorecla cancer

A

recatla beleed
altern bole
bowl pain form obsution
weight loss and anorexia

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17
Q

signs of colorectal cancer

A

iorn deficicy anemia
palpable rectal or right lower abdominal mass

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18
Q

what is benficit of colopsy for diagnosi

A

colonospcy
allows bipogy and can remove pollpys

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19
Q

down side of colonospcy

A

need laxative
sedatino
risk of bleeding

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20
Q

who cannot tolate laxatives in colorecla caner

A

those who ahve renal or cardiac disease

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21
Q

what radiolgo8h scan can be done for colorectal cancer

A

barium enema, ct colongoratphy, ct abdo/ pelivs

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22
Q

is berium eneuma accureate

A

no

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23
Q

downsdie of ct abdo/ pepliv

A

not likley to pick up anything

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24
Q

how to stage colorecal caner

A

ct scahn, mir, pet scan and renal endocpai ultaound

25
Q

duke a, b, c and d

A

a - confied to subcumos
b - invasie though muscarl without lymph involment
c - invasion though mcuclar with lymph in volvent
(c1) - less than 4 nodes
c2 - roe than 4 nodse
D - present of distan emtatiosn

26
Q

tumor stage t1 - t4

A

t1 - confied to submucoas
t2 - confjied to muscalria
t3 - confied to serosa
t4 - breached seros , invaide ovehr stuces

27
Q

nodes n0,n1, n2

A

N0 - no nodes
n1 - up to 3 regiona nodes
n3 - more than 4 regioan nodes

28
Q

m0 and m1

A

m0 no menatios
m1 disatn mestaions

29
Q

teatment of duke a paitens

A

endocpaic or loac restion of poplys

30
Q

who sould have adjuvar chmooather

A

duke sc and b

31
Q

what is hte patliative treatmfne for pallite paiteins

A

colonic stening, chemoathery,

32
Q

ajvarent

A

alongside main treatment

33
Q

what is the neoadjvulart etreatmnt for cancer

A

radial tharpy fo rrecat cancer only

34
Q

screeening test for cooorecal caner

A

faecal occult blood test
faecal immunochemica tsets
colonsopy
ct colopsy
flexible signoidocspy

35
Q

feacualr immunothcemial tesing progaio look for what

A

human haemoglon

36
Q

who is elig for fit screing progaio

A

anyone over 54 -70

37
Q

what is fap

A

familayr adneomatose paolyposi

38
Q

what is map

A

mutyh assoiced polypois

39
Q

wha tis hnpcc

A

herediay non poplypnoi colocreal cancer

40
Q

what condions are assoiced with colorecl cnear

A

ibd, family reisk

41
Q

is fap autosomadl dominal or recesive

A

dominant

42
Q

main caraceriset of fap

A

mulitple adnomas though the colon

43
Q

screening for fap

A

anal colospy form 10 years old

44
Q

treatmen for fap

A

prohpaly procoolecomy betwen 16 -25

45
Q

what are the extracolonic manifestatiosn

A

benign gastic fundic cystic hyperplasia
duodenal adnoemas in 90% with periampullary cancer

46
Q

medical treatmf or fap

A

nsaids chemoprevionts using sulindac

47
Q

is map autosomal regsisive or domiant

A

dominat

48
Q

cuas eof map

A

varitnes in mutyph base gnee

49
Q

wher is map norally ofund

A

rihgt sided

50
Q

when to start survane for polpys in map

A

18 - 20 years old

51
Q

is hnpcc recessive or dominat

A

dominat

52
Q

cuase of hnpcc

A

lynch sydnroem = certain genes whihc cause a range of cancers incluing;
mutiaon in dna mismatic repair genes e.g mlh1 and msh2
thus hae micosstale instability

53
Q

what side is hnpcc assoiced with

A

right side

54
Q

screeing for hnpcc freaqyc

A

form 25 every 2 years

55
Q

creiats for hnpcc diagnosi

A

amsterdam and bethesda genetic testing

56
Q

ago of onsent of cancer in hnpcc

A

40s

57
Q

who should be screen for colopsy

A

fmaily risk goup s, ie. tehso whihc relatives and they agethat they develed the cancer
ibd - every 1-5 years 10 years after diagbes
previous crc - 5 year colonspcy - 1 year after and every 3 years
previous admonas - dependent on no. of po;olys

58
Q
A
59
Q

main test to deterin wheter a colonopcy is required

A

fit test

Alimentory System (31 decks)

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