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Pharmacology > Ocular > Flashcards

Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics

A

Sulfacetamide, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, amino glycides, polymyxins

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2
Q

Antifungal

A

Natamycin

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3
Q

Antihistamine

A

Emedastine difumurate 0.05%, epinastine HCL 0.05%, alcaftadine 0.25%, Azelastine 0.05%, Ketotifin fumurate

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4
Q

NSAIDs

A

Dicoflenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine, Flurbiprofen sodium, bromfenac, bromfenac sodium, nepafenac

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5
Q

Glaucoma

A

Prostaglandins, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, topical

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6
Q

Macular degeneration

A

VEGF inhibitors

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7
Q

VEGF inhibitors

A

Pepgaptanib, bevicizumib, aflibercept

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8
Q

Cyclosporine Indications

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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9
Q

Cyclosporine MOA

A

Immunosuppressant; specified for treatment of keratoconjuntivitis sicca due to inflammation

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10
Q

Cyclosporine contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, contact wearers

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11
Q

Cyclosporine AR

A

Burning

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12
Q

Pegaptanib indications

A

VEGF inhibitor for TX of macular degeneration

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13
Q

Pegaptanib AR

A

Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, increased IOP, photopsia…

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14
Q

Bevacizumab indications

A

Cancer, macular degeneration

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15
Q

Bevacizumab AR

A

High risk of infection from repetitive use of vial

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16
Q

Aflibercept indications

A

Macular degeneration

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17
Q

Aflibercept AR

A

Conjunctival hemorrhage, pain, cataract, floaters, bit real detachment, increased IOP

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18
Q

Lubricants

A

Cyclosporine, acetylcysteine

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19
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, unoprostone, bimatoprost

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20
Q

Beta blockers

A

Timolol, levobunolol, carteolol, metipranolol, betaxolol

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21
Q

Alpha agonists

A

Apraclonidine, brimonidine, brimonidine/timolol

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22
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

Decrease aqueous humor production 20-25%; beta-adrenergic antagonists

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23
Q

Alpha agonist MOA

A

Increase aqueous outflow 20-25%

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24
Q

Alpha agonist AR

A

Conjunctival injection, hyperemia, vision change, headache, fatigue

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25
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide, dorzolamide, dorzolamide/timolol, brinzolamide

26
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors oral

A

Acetazolamide

27
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MOA

A

Decreases aqueous humor secretion by decreasing bicarbonate formation 15-20%

28
Q

Cycloplegics

A

Anticholinergics. Dilate pupils by weakening ciliary muscles

29
Q

Cycloplegics indication

A

Ulcers, uveitis, cycloplegic refraction

30
Q

Mucolytic

A

Acetylcysteine

31
Q

Acetylcysteine MOA

A

Breaks up mucus

32
Q

Sulfacetamide 10% solution indication

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic. Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

33
Q

Sulfacetamide MOA

A

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. Bacteriostatic

34
Q

Sulfacetamide contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

35
Q

Sulfacetamide drug interaction

36
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Besifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin .5 & 1.5, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin

37
Q

Fluoroquinolones indications

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic for Bacterial conjunctivitis

38
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase; bactericidal

39
Q

Fluoroquinolones contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

40
Q

Fluoroquinolones AR

A

Burning, FBS, photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, dryness

41
Q

Macrolides

A

Ezithromycin, azithromycin

42
Q

Macrolides indications

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic for bacterial infections. Specificity for chlamydia and gonnorhea

43
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis; bacteriostatic

44
Q

Macrolides contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

45
Q

Macrolides AR

A

Irritation, redness, hypersensitivity

46
Q

Aminoglycides

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, tobramycin/dexamethasone, tobramycin/fluorometholone

47
Q

Aminoglycides MOA

A

Binds ribosomal RNA disrupting translation. Bactericidal

48
Q

Aminoglycides indications

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic for ocular bacterial infections associated with inflammation

49
Q

Aminoglycides contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, dexamethasone will make fungal infections worse

50
Q

Aminoglycides AR

A

Ulcers, irritation, conjunctivitis, thrombocytopenic purpura

51
Q

Polymyxins

A

Trimethoprim, bacitracin

52
Q

Natamycin indication

A

Antifungal

53
Q

Natamycin MOA

A

Alters fungi membrane permeability. Fungicidal

54
Q

Antihistamines

A

Emedastine difumurate, epinastine HCL, alcaftadine, Azelastine, Ketotifin fumurate

55
Q

Antihistamine MOA

A

H1 receptor antagonist

56
Q

NSAIDs

A

Dicloflenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine, Flurbiprofen sodium, bromfenac, bromfenac sodium, nepafenac

57
Q

NSAID indications

A

Pain and inflammation post-op, corneal abrasion, blepharitis

58
Q

Bromfenac contraindications

A

Sulfite allergy

59
Q

NSAIDs AR

A

Delayed healing, keratitis, corneal melt, burning, lacrimation, FBS, increased IOP

60
Q

Prostaglandins indications

A

First line of TX in patients with increased IOP reduces IOP 20-25%

61
Q

Prostaglandin MOA

A

Increases aqueous humor outflow

62
Q

Prostaglandin AR

A

Hyperpigmentation, lash growth, uveitis, herpes virus activation

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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