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ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine MOA

A

Functional antagonist to histamine bronchoconstriction

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2
Q

Epinephrine contraindications

A

Heart disease

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3
Q

Epinephrine adverse reactions

A

Restlessness, anxiety, tremors, weakness, palpitations, NV, pallor

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4
Q

1st gen antihistamine

A

Meclizine, hydroxyzine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine

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5
Q

Meclizine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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6
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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7
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

1st generation antihistamine

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8
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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9
Q

promethazine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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10
Q

brompheniramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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11
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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12
Q

Doxylamine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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13
Q

1st generation antihistamine indications

A

allergic reactions, motion sickness, nausea, insomnia, Blocks EPS, local anesthetic

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14
Q

Difference between 1st gen and 2nd gen antihistamines

A

1st gen is more sedative, non-selective and has more side effects

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15
Q

Effects of non selective H1 blockers

A

inhibition of histamine in smooth muscle, decrease in inflammation, CNS neurotransmitter release, cognitive and psychomotor function. increase in appetite and sedation. Anti-cholinergic effects.

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16
Q

2nd generation antihistamines

A

loratidine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, levocetirizine,

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17
Q

2nd generation antihistamines with some sedation

A

cetirizine and levocetirizine

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18
Q

loratidine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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19
Q

desloratidine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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20
Q

fenofenadine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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21
Q

cetirizine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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22
Q

levocetirizine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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23
Q

Nasal antihistamines

A

Azelastine, olapatadine

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24
Q

Ocular antihistamines

A

azelastine, olapatadine, ketotifin fumurate

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25
Q

Decongestant classes

A

alpha agonists, steroids, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene inhibitors

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26
Q

Alpha Agonists

A

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine, oxymetalozine, Naphazoline

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27
Q

Nasal Steroids

A

Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Flunisolide, Fluticasone, Mometasone, Triamcinolone

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28
Q

Mast Cell Stabilize

A

cromolyn sodium

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29
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors

A

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

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30
Q

Phenylephrine MOA

A

a1 selective agonist. Potent vasoconstrictor

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31
Q

Phenylephrine indications

A

nasal decongestant, mydratic, hemorrhoid

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32
Q

Phenylephrine ADR

A

dizziness, increased BP, insomnia, nervousness, headache, excess sweating, shaking

33
Q

Phenylephrine contrindications

A

heart disease, htn, hyperthyroid, BPH

34
Q

Pseudoephedrine MOA

A

Mixed acting agonist. vasoconstrictor

35
Q

Pseudoephedrine indications

A

eustachian tube congestion, allergic rhinitis congestion or URI

36
Q

Direct acting sympathomimetics

A

act directly on one or more adrenergic receptors

37
Q

indirect acting sympathomimetics

A

increase availability of NE or Epi to receptors

38
Q

mixed acting sympathomimetics

A

indirectly release NE, directly activate receptors

39
Q

Azelastine

A

Nasal and ocular antihistamine

40
Q

olapatadine

A

nasal and ocular antihistamine

41
Q

ketotifin fumurate

A

ocular antihistamine

42
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

alpha agonist decongestant

43
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha agonist decongestant

44
Q

oxymetolazine

A

alpha agonist ocular decongestant

45
Q

Naphazoline

A

alpha agonist ocular decongestant

46
Q

xylometolazine

A

alpha agonist ocular decongestant

47
Q

Beclomethasone

A

nasal steroid

48
Q

budenoside

A

nasal steroid

49
Q

flunisolide

A

nasal steroid

50
Q

ciclesonide

A

nasal steroid

51
Q

fluticasone

A

nasal steroid

52
Q

mometasone

A

nasal steroid

53
Q

triamcinolone

A

nasal steroid

54
Q

Nasal steroids MOA

A

blocks inflammatory mediators to decrease inflammation of the nasal mucosa

55
Q

Nasal steroids indications

A

allergic rhinitis

56
Q

Nasal Steroid ADR

A

nasal septum perforations, decreased wound healing, candida infections, epistaxis, adrenal suppression, growth suppression, cough, sneezing, URI, headache

57
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

mast cell stabilizer

58
Q

Mast Cell stabilizer MOA

A

prevents mast cell degranulation and histamine release

59
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer contraindication

A

requires start 2-4 wks before onset of symptoms

60
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors MOA

A

block the production of leukotrienes which increase inflammatory response in the airways

61
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors indications

A

allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, bronchoconstriction, conjunctivitis

62
Q

Montelukast

A

leukotriene inhibitors

63
Q

zafirlukast

A

leukotriene inhibitor

64
Q

zileuton

A

leukotriene inhibitor

65
Q

Common leukotriene inhibitor ADR

A

neuropsych events

66
Q

Butterbur MOA

A

contains petasin a leukotriene inhibitor

67
Q

Butterbur contraindication

A

ragweed allergy

68
Q

Antitussives

A

Cough drops, dextromethorphan, codeine, lidocaine, benzonatate

69
Q

Cough drops

A

menthol, pectin, gelatin, phenol, guaifenesin

70
Q

Anesthetics

A

menthol, phenol

71
Q

expectorant

A

guaifenesin

72
Q

demulcents

A

pectin, gelatin

73
Q

Dextromethorphan hydrobromide

A

opioid like, anesthetic action, crosses BBB

74
Q

Codeine

A

cough suppressant or pain reliever

75
Q

Codeine ADR

A

drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, NVD, Rash, itching, tachycardia

76
Q

Benzonatate MOA

A

anesthetizes stretch receptors in respiratory passages

77
Q

Benzonatate ADR

A

sedation, GI upset, hallucination, dizziness

78
Q

Benzonatate warning

A

do not crush or chew!

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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