October 30, Slides 3 Flashcards
What is classical federalism in the context of governance?
Classical federalism, prominent in late 19th and early 20th centuries, treats federal and provincial governments as having distinct, separate responsibilities. Each government operates its “own kitchen,” with little overlap or collaboration in their jurisdictions.
How is cooperative federalism different from classical federalism?
Cooperative federalism, emerging in the mid-20th century, involves collaboration between federal and provincial governments. The federal government provides the “recipe” (program guidelines), while provinces “cook” (implement the programs) and share the ingredient costs.
What is post-cooperative federalism, and how does it differ from earlier models?
Post-cooperative federalism, beginning in the late 20th century, shifts towards a more competitive or collaborative approach. The federal government offers less guidance on implementation, pays less, and provides resources in bulk, leaving provinces with greater flexibility.
What is “executive federalism,” and how does it relate to post-cooperative federalism?
Executive federalism involves negotiations between federal and provincial leaders to shape policies. This approach is central in post-cooperative federalism, where collaboration and competition often coexist.
How do provinces operate in classical federalism?
n classical federalism, provinces are largely autonomous, managing areas such as education, health, and property. They are akin to independent “kitchens” preparing their own policies without federal interference.
What role does cost-sharing play in cooperative federalism?
Cost-sharing is a hallmark of cooperative federalism, with the federal and provincial governments jointly funding programs. This collaboration ensures shared accountability for public services like healthcare and infrastructure.
How does federal guidance change in post-cooperative federalism?
In post-cooperative federalism, federal guidance is reduced, allowing provinces more autonomy. While the federal government provides bulk “ingredients,” provinces decide how to “cook” or implement programs.
What led to the emergence of cooperative federalism?
The mid-20th century welfare state, combined with fiscal imbalances, necessitated cooperative federalism. Federal intervention ensured consistent public services across provinces.
How does competitive federalism manifest in Canada?
Competitive federalism arises when provinces compete for federal resources or seek to assert their own policy priorities. This contrasts with earlier cooperative models, emphasizing intergovernmental negotiation.
What is the significance of the “recipe and cooking” metaphor in federalism?
The metaphor illustrates how roles are divided: the federal government provides program frameworks (recipes), while provinces implement them (do the cooking). This division highlights the interplay between guidance and execution in cooperative federalism.
