October 30, Slides 1-3 Flashcards
What is classical federalism?
Classical federalism emerged in Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It envisions federal and provincial jurisdictions as “watertight compartments,” though federal powers were dominant. This model is often described as “layer cake federalism” due to its clear division of powers.
What is cooperative federalism?
Cooperative federalism gained prominence in mid-20th century Canada. It emerged in response to fiscal imbalances and the need for a welfare state. Known as “marble cake federalism,” it emphasizes intertwined responsibilities between federal and provincial governments.
How does fiscal federalism address fiscal imbalances?
Fiscal federalism arose to resolve disparities in revenue-generating capacity between federal and provincial governments. It involves transfers such as equalization payments to ensure provinces can provide comparable public services.
What is the significance of the welfare state in cooperative federalism?
The welfare state marked a shift towards shared responsibilities between federal and provincial governments. It required cooperation in areas like health care and social programs, blending jurisdictional boundaries.
What is the key feature of “marble cake federalism”?
Marble cake federalism highlights the overlapping roles of federal and provincial governments. Unlike layer cake federalism, it reflects a more integrated and cooperative approach to governance.
What challenges does fiscal federalism face?
Fiscal federalism grapples with ongoing debates about equalization payments, federal transfers, and provincial autonomy. Balancing fairness and efficiency remains a persistent challenge.
How did classical federalism prioritize federal control?
Classical federalism concentrated more powers at the federal level, particularly in areas like trade, defense, and foreign relations. Provinces were largely focused on local matters like education and property.
What role did the Great Depression play in Canadian federalism?
The Great Depression underscored the need for a more active federal role in economic management. This era paved the way for cooperative federalism and the eventual expansion of the welfare state.
How do modern fiscal arrangements reflect cooperative federalism?
Modern fiscal arrangements, such as health and social transfers, reflect cooperative federalism by requiring collaboration between federal and provincial governments to meet shared policy goals.
Why is Canadian federalism described as dynamic?
Canadian federalism is dynamic due to its ability to adapt to changing economic, political, and social circumstances. The interplay between classical and cooperative models demonstrates this flexibility.
