October 23, Slides 7-9 Flashcards
How democratic is the Single-Member Plurality (SMP) electoral system?
SMP can be criticized for not always reflecting the popular vote, as candidates can win with less than a majority, leading to questions about how well it represents “the people.”
What is proportional representation, and why is it considered fairer by some?
Proportional representation allocates seats based on the percentage of votes each party receives, ensuring that all votes count equally and smaller parties have a chance to be represented.
What challenges arise in creating a “fair” electoral system?
Fairness in electoral systems can be subjective, as it involves balancing proportionality, geographic representation, and the ability to form stable governments.
How do electoral systems affect political parties?
Electoral systems shape the number of viable parties, their strategies, and their ideologies. SMP often leads to two-party dominance, while proportional representation fosters multiparty systems.
What are mixed electoral systems, and why are they used?
Mixed systems combine elements of SMP and proportional representation to balance geographic representation with proportionality, aiming to address shortcomings in each.
What does Pippa Norris mean by electoral systems being “born kicking and screaming”?
Norris suggests that electoral systems emerge through messy compromises influenced by power struggles, rather than deliberate, rational design.
Why do electoral systems matter for democracy?
Electoral systems shape representation, voter behavior, and political outcomes, impacting the legitimacy and effectiveness of a democracy.
How do alternative systems address the flaws of SMP?
Proportional representation and mixed systems aim to reduce vote wastage, ensure fairer representation, and give smaller parties a voice.
What is the role of power politics in designing electoral systems?
Power politics often dictate the choice of electoral systems, as dominant factions push for systems that benefit their political survival and influence.
How does the type of electoral system influence voter engagement?
Systems like proportional representation can increase voter turnout by making every vote count, while SMP may discourage participation in “safe” or “unwinnable” districts.
