Nutrition and Metabolism -27

Question 1

list the 6 types of nutrients

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates,
• lipids,
• protein,
• water,
• minerals,
• vitamins

Question 2

How many calories per gram for proteins or carbohydrates

Answer 2

4

Question 3

How many calories per gram for proteins for lipids

Answer 3

9

Question 4

What are some of the essential lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 4

A, D, E & K

Question 5

Essential minerals needed in our diet

Answer 5

Ca, P, K, Cl, Fl, Mg, Fe, Cr, I, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se

Question 6

Anabolism

Answer 6

synthesis of more complex chemicals

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

breakdown with energy release

Question 8

During glycolysis, is oxygen required?

Answer 8

no, not in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Overall, in the catabolism, how many ATP are made from one glucose molecule

Answer 9

34-36

Question 10

Within the mitochondria, is oxygen required to catabolize glucose?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Lipolysis

Answer 11

the catabolism of triglycerides to make energy

Question 12

Lipogenesis

Answer 12

the anabolism of fats

Question 13

list the process of protein catabolism

Answer 13

• deamination in liver to remove NH2 -> NH3
• Liver converts toxic NH3 -> urea -> urine
• rest of amino acid -> krebs cycle -> ATP

Question 14

Essential amino acids

Answer 14

can NOT be made in the body and must come from the diet

Question 15

1 calorie

Answer 15

the energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree

Question 16

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 16

heat produced from catabolism when resting and fasting

Question 17

What can affect the metabolic rate

Answer 17

• Exercise can increase rate 15-20 times
• Hormones - thyroid
• Nervous system - ANS
• Body temp Ingestion of food - increase 10-20%
• Age Gender, pregnancy, climate, sleep, malnutrition

Question 18

What are the 4 different forms of heat loss in the body

Answer 18

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation

Question 19

Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins.

Examples include coenzyme _______, derived from ________, and the coenzyme ______, derived from ________

Answer 19

NAD+, niacin

FAD, vitamin B2, riboflavin