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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum and bones of the vertebral column are part of what division of the skeleton

A

Axial

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2
Q

List the 5 types of shapes of bones:

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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3
Q

What type of bone has greater length than width and slightly curved for strength

A

Long Bones

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4
Q

What type of bone are the phalanges?

A

long bones

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5
Q

What type of bone is cube shaped and nearly equal in lenght and width?

an example…

A

Short bones

Example: carpal & tarsal

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6
Q

What type of bone shape is the sternum concidered?

A

flat bone

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7
Q

What kind of bone has compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue?

Example

A

flat bones

cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae

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8
Q

What type of shape bones are hip bones concidered?

A

irregular

as well, vertebrae, some facial bones, calcaneus

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9
Q

What are sesamoid bones and where do we find them?

A
  • Protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
  • Reside within the tendon
  • Patellae, foot, hand
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10
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Small bones located in sutures of cranial bones

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11
Q

What are the 2 major types of surface markings?

A
  1. Depressions and openings
  2. Processes
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12
Q

Fissure

A

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass

Ie Superior orbital fissure of the phenoid bone

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13
Q

Foramen

A

Opening through which blood vessels nerves, or ligaments pass

Is optic foramen of the sphenoid bone

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14
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression

ie coronoid fossa of the humerus

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15
Q

Sulcus

A

furrow along a bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

ie. intertubuclual suculus of the humerus

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16
Q

Meatus

A

tubelike opening

ie. ecternal auditory meatus of the temporal bone

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17
Q

Condyle

A

Large, round protuberance at the end of a bone

ie. lateral condyle of the femur

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18
Q

Facet

A

smooth flat articular surface

ie - superior artivular cacet of a vertebra

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19
Q

Process that froms a joint: head

A

rounded articular projection supported on the neck of a bone

ie the head of the femur

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20
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

ie - Iliac crest of the hip bone

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21
Q

Epicondyle

A

Projection above a condyle

ie medial epicondyle of the femur

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22
Q

Line

A

long, narrow ride or border

ie linea aspera of the femur

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23
Q

Spinous process

A

sharp, slender projection

ie spineous process of the vertebra

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24
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large projection

ie - greater tubercle of the humerus

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25
Tubercle
small rounded projection ie - greater tubercle of the humerus
26
tuberosity
large, rounded, usually roughened projection is Isitual tuberosity of the hip bone
27
List the 8 cranial bones
1. Frontal 2. Right parietal 3. Left Parietal 4. Right temporal 5. left temporal 6. Occipital bone 7. sphenoid bone 8. ethmoid bone
28
List the 14 facial bones which form the face
Paired nasal bones, paired maxillae, paired zygomatic bones, the mandible, paired lacrimal bones, paired palatine bones, paired inferior nasal conchae and vomer
29
what kind of joints fuse most of the skull bones together?
Sutures
30
Which bone forms the forehead?
Frontal Bone
31
Parietal bones
Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
32
Which bone is butterfly shape that lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
Sphenoid bone
33
Ethmoid Bone
Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits * A major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity * Contain thin projections called conchae which are lined by mucous membranes * Increased surface area in the nasal cavity helps to humidify inhaled air trapping inhaled particles
34
Which facial bone forms the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bone
35
what is the name of the bone which forms the upperjawbone
Maxillae
36
Name the bone of the cheekbone
Zygomatic
37
Which bone froms a portion of the midial wall of each orbit?
Lacrimal
38
Which bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate?
palatine
39
Where would one find the inferior nasal conchae
it forms a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
40
Where would one find the Vomer?
it forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
41
Name the lower jawbone
mandable
42
What is the only movable skull bone
mandible
43
When one breaks their nose, what bone is broken
the nasal septum
44
Which bone divides the interior of the neasal cavity into right and left sides
nasal septum
45
What is a foramina?
Openings for blood vessels, nerves or ligaments of the skull
46
What are three unique featrues of the skull?
Sutures, Paranasal sinuses and Fontanels
47
What is an immovable joint that holds most skull bones together
Sutures
48
Paranasal Sinuses
* Cavities within cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity * Secretions produced by the mucous membranes which line the sinuses, drain into the nasal cavity * Serve as resonating chambers that intensify and prolong sounds * Lighten the skull
49
Fontanels
* Areas of unossified (unhardened) tissue * At birth, unossified tissue spaces, commonly called “soft spots” link the cranial bones * Later replaced with bone to become sutures * Provide flexibility to the fetal skull, allowing the skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal
50
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
51
what are the functions of the vertebral column?
* Protect the spinal cord * Support the head * Serve as an attachment point for the ribs, pelvic girdle, and muscles
52
scoliosis
excessive curve laterally
53
Kyphosis
excessive conves curve
54
lordosis
excessive concave
55
How many vertebrae in the cervical spine
7
56
How many vertebrae in thoracic spine
12
57
How many vertebrae in the lumbar
5
58
How many fused cacral verebrae is the sacrum composed of
5
59
q1 coccyx consists of __ fused coccygeal vertebrae
4
60
what are the functions of the intervertebral discs
* Form strong joints * Permit movement of the vertebral column * Absorb vertical shock
61
What does a vetebrae typically consist of?
* A Body (weight bearing) * A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord) * Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
62
Which region of the vertebra have a bifid spinous process?
cervical region
63
Which region of the vertebra articulate with the ribs?
Thoracic
64
Which region of the vertebra is the largest, as is most weight bearing?
Lumbar
65
Which region of the vertebra provide for the attachement of the large back muscles?
Lumbar
66
The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the union of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
five sacral vertebrae (S1–S5)
67
AT what age does the sacrum begin to fuse?
Begins at 16-18 complete by 30
68
The coccyx is formed by the fusion of usually \_\_\_\_\_coccygeal vertebrae
4
69
At what age range does the coccyx begin to fuse?
20-30
70
What physically makes up the thoracic cage?
* Sternum (breastbone) * Ribs * Costal cartilages * Thoracic vertebrae
71
How many true ribs are there?
7
72
How many false ribs are there?
Rib 8 to Rib 10 = 3
73
Which ribs are the floating ribs?
Ribs 11 & 12

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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