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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Cardiovascular System: Heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is visceral layer of the pericardium in relation to the Heart

A

adheres to the Heart

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2
Q

Where is the parietal layer in relation to the Heart

A

fused to the fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

The muscles of the Heart, where is the epicarium

A

the outer layer of the heart - attached to visceral layer

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4
Q

the muscles of the heart, where is the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle middle layer

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5
Q

pericardial fluid

A

the serous pericardium is Filled with pericardial fluid - reduces friction during beat.

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6
Q

the muscles of the heart, where is the endocardium

A

lines inside of myocardium innermost layer of the Heart wall

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7
Q

What are the upper two chambers of the Heart called

A

Atria

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8
Q

What are the lower two chambers of the Heart called

A

ventricles

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9
Q

Which chamber of the Heart is the thinnest

A

Atria the thinest

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10
Q

Superior & inferior Vena Cavae What do they do

A

Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium from body

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11
Q

From the Right Atrium, list the flow of blood all the way through the system

A

Right Atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries -> Lung capillary beds -> Pulmonary vein -> Left Atrium -> Bicuspid valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic valve -> Aorta and systemic arteries -> capillary beds -> Either superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava or coronary sinus -> Right Atrium

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12
Q

Which Artery pumps de-oxigenated blood from the Heart

A

pulmonary artery

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13
Q

Which vein pumps oxygenated blood to the Heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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14
Q

Structurally what is distinctive between the Right and left ventricles

A

Left is larger because it pumps blood further - has resistance of the system to work against

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15
Q

can you live with atrial fibrulation

A

yes

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16
Q

can you live with ventricular fibrulation

A

no

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17
Q

What are valves designed for

A

to prevent back flow

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18
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Between atria and ventricles

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19
Q

tricuspid valve - Where

A

Between Right Atria and ventricle

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20
Q

bicuspid or mitral valve

A

Between Left Atria and ventricle

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21
Q

Where would one find the semi-lunar valves

A

Semi-lunar valves near origin of aorta & pulmonary trunk leaving ventricles off to lungs or system

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22
Q

What are the names of the semilunar valves

A

Aortic & pulmonary valves respectively

23
Q

How does blood flow to the myocardium

A

coronary circulation

24
Q

Where does the deoxigenated blood from the coronary circulation come back into the system

A

empties into the right atrium

25
When would we see the Bicuspid valve contract?
when we have ventricular contraction Purkinje fibers
26
Where does the origin of the action potential of the Heart begin?
SA node sinoatrial node
27
What is the route within the heart of the action potential
Normally begins at sinoatrial (SA) node -\> Atria & atria contract -\> AV node - slows -\> AV bundle (Bundle of His) -\> bundle branches R&L -\> Purkinje fibers -\> apex and up- then ventricles contract
28
What is an EKG or ECG
Recording of currents from cardiac conduction on skin = electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
29
P wave
P wave = atrial depolarization Contraction begins right after peak Re-polarization is masked in QRS
30
QRS complex
QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization Contraction of ventricle
31
T-wave
T-wave = ventricular re-polarization Just after ventricles relax
32
Where is the bottleneck controlling the action potential from Artial to Ventricular
AV node or Bundle of His
33
which one is faster? SA node or AV node
SA node - it is faster therefore runs the heart
34
ECG - where does the atrial contraction occur
P until Q
35
ECG - where does ventricular contraction happen
Q, R, S, T
36
ECG when does atrial depolarization happen
during the P wave,
37
ECG when does ventricular depolarization happen
during QRS complex, contraction of ventricle
38
ECG When is ventricular repolarization
During the T wave when ventricles relax
39
ECG When is re-polarization of Atria happening
During QRS
40
What happens after the T wave
ventricular diastole Ventricular pressure drops below atrial & AV valves open -\> ventricular filling occurs
41
What happens after the P wave
atrial systole Finishes filling ventricle (`25%)
42
What happens after the QRS Wave
ventricular systole Pressure pushes AV valves closed Pushes semilunar valves open and ejection occurs Ejection until ventricle relaxes enough for arterial pressure to close semilunar valves
43
What is Stroke Volume
the amount of Blood ejected by the left ventricle during each beat
44
How can one increase the stroke volume
* Increase diastolic volume increases strenght of contraction * increased venous return increase sympathetic activity
45
What will decrease the stroke volume
high back pressure in the artery
46
Which area of the brain effects the pacemaker
Cardiovascular center in Medulla
47
Which hormone of the parasympathetic system will slow the HR
ACh via vegas nerve
48
Which hormone of the sympathetic system will increase the HR
norepinephrine and epinephrine
49
Which sensory receptors are influencing the control on our HR
baroreceptors (aortic arch & carotid sinus) - B.P. Chemoreceptors - O2, CO2, pH
50
Na+ _____________ H.R. & contraction force
Increased
51
K+ ___________ H.R. & contraction force
decrease
52
What does Ca2+ do to HR and contraction force
Increased Ca2+ increases H.R. & contraction force
53
Purpose of the coronary sinus
deoxygenated blood collected by the coronary sinus empties into the right atrium

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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