Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels. Chap. 23 Flashcards
size of blood vessels,
Arteries, Arterioles, veins to venules
Which kind of vessels have the following:
Larger lumen, thinner walls
Valves to prevent back flow
Veins
Which are smaller? Venules or Veins
venules
which type of blood vessels control blood pressure
Arterioles
how does sympathetic activity effect blood vessels
vasoconstriction - narrowing
What adjusts flow into capilaries
arterioles
Where does gas exchange take place
capillaries
Smooth muscle in veins vs arteries, which is bigger
Arteries
Which type of blood vessel has a larger lumen
veins
Where is the slowest rate of blood flow
Slowest rate of flow is through capillaries
Allows time for exchange through wall
What creates colloid osmotic pressure
Plasma proteins create this “pulling” pressure
Causes reabsorption of fluid from outside to inside
What determines fluid in circulation
Balance of BP and osmosis
where does excess fluid go?
excess fluid returned via lymphatic system
What are the three mechanisms of venous return
Pressure
Skeletal contractions
Respiratory pump
of the blood vessels which vessel has the highest BP
Aorta 110/70 mm Hg
The cardiovascular system helps regulate what
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Blood pressure
Blood flow to specific tissues
Cardiovascular Center by which mechanisms does it work
By neural mechanisms
By hormonal mechanisms
How is capillary filling controlled
by small arterioles and precapillary sphincters
What are the factors that regulate blood flow and BP
Blood volume and ventricular contraction cardiac output
Vascular resistance: opposition to flow (depends on lumen diameter and vessel length + blood viscosity)
By which mechanisims is the cardiovascular controlled
Neural & Hormonal
When checking blood pressure, how do you know when you have found the diastolic BP
When you lower the pressure futher until sounds become faint
When checking blood pressure, how do you know when you have found the systolic BP
lower pressure in cuff until flow just starts - first sound indicates systolic BP
The circulatory routes of the body, what are the two main routes
systolic and pulmonary
In which ways does the cardiovascular centre receive input from the body
Proprioception, Barorecptors and chemoreceptors
