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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Chapter 24The Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 24The Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Defenses present at birth

A

Innate

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2
Q

_______ does not involve specific recognition of a microbe and acts against all microbes int he same way

A

Innate

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3
Q

Does innate immunity have a memory component

A

no

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4
Q

What are some of the components of innate immuiity

A

First line of defense: physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucose mb
Second line of defense: antimicrobial substance, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever

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5
Q

__________________ refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached the innate immunity defenses

A

Adaptive immunity

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6
Q

What are some of the general characteristics of adaptive immunity

A

Slower, specific & has a memory

Lymphocytes: T-cells & B-cells

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7
Q

lymphatic system - what tissue / organs does it consist of

A

consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels and a number of structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue and red bone marrow

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8
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the Lymphatic system

A

Draining excess interstitial fluid from tissue and blood; Transporting dietary lipids and lipid solube vitamins (A, D, E and K) absorbed in the intestines; carrying out immune responses

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9
Q

how does the fluid move through the lymphatic system

A

Pressure will force fluid in: Skeletal muscle pump Respiratory pump
Valves

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10
Q

Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels are ___________ masses of B cells and T cells that are surrounded by a capsule

A

lymph nodes

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11
Q

How much fluid per day does the lymphatic system filter per day

A

20L / day

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12
Q

Each day about _______ liters of fluid and solutes are drained and returned into the blood by lymph circulation

A

3

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13
Q

______________ cells in the lymph nodes and Spleen phagocytize invading cells

A

Macrophage

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14
Q

_________________ in the lymph nodes and spleen produce antibodies that mark and desroy foreign antigens and cells

A

B lymphocyte

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15
Q

What is unique about the capillary’s walls

A

their structure permits fluid from the surrounding space to flow into capillary but not out of it

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16
Q

When there is edema in the tissues, what do the anchoring filaments do to find homeostasis in the system

A

The anchoring filaments pull the endothelial cells slightly apart allowing more fluid to flow into the lymphatic capillary

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17
Q

_____________ drains the upper right side of the body

A

Right lymphatic duct

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18
Q

How does lymph return to the blood

A

through the lymphatic ducts

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19
Q

Where do the lymphatic ducts drain into

A

into the right and left subclavian veins

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20
Q

Where do - stem cells divide & develop into mature B & T-cells

A

Red bone marrow & thymus

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21
Q

Sites where most immune responses occur

A

Lymph nodes, spleen & lymphatic nodules

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22
Q

Location of the Thymus

A

Posterior to sternum, medial to lungs & superior to heart

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23
Q

Immature T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to the _________ where they multiply and begin to mature

A

thymus

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24
Q

where are there a higher concentration of lymph nodes

A

Concentrated near mammary glands, axilla & groin

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25
Q

What do lymph nodes contain

A

Contain mature B-cells, T-cells dendritic cells and macrophages

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26
Q

What is the purpose of lymph nodes

A

Filter lymph, trap foreign substances

Macrophages & lymphocytes destroy most foreign substances

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27
Q

What does the Spleen contain

A

Contains blood filled venous sinuses and RBCs, macrophages, lymphocytes plasma cells & granular leukocytes

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28
Q

What are some of the functions of the spleen?

A

Removal by macrophages of worn or defective blood cells & platelets; Storage of platelets; production of red blood cells during fetal life

29
Q

Interferons

A

Interfere with viral reproduction in a cell
produced by lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts when they are infected by a virus. this message is send to uninfected neighboring cells where they stimulate synthesis of proteins which interfere with viral replication

30
Q

Complement System

A

Enhance other immune actions - allergic and inflammatory reactions
Break cell membranes - tear holes in plasma mb causing cytolysis
chemotaxis - attracting phagocytes
Opsonization - Tag microbial cells for destruction

31
Q

Transferrin

A

bind iron to inhibit growth of certain bacteria by reducing the mount of available iron

32
Q

Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)

A

lyse microbes

attract dendritic cells and mast cells

33
Q

Which type of immune cells phagocytoze

A

neutrophils, macrophages and natural killer cells

34
Q

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

A

Destroy microbes & tumor cells

Present in lymph nodes & red bone marrow

35
Q

When there is tissue damage, what is the first response of the body

A

mast cells, basophils & platelets release histamine. Which causes increased permeability & vasodilation in blood vessels. T

36
Q

Once mast cells, basophils and platelets have released histamine in response to tissue damage, what is the next step in tissue repair

A

clotting proteins get into the tissue. Fibrinogen isolates the bacteria behind the clot - attempt to isolate pathogenic factors

37
Q

once the fibinogen has gone to work setting the clot, what is the next step in tissue repain

A

Phagocytes attracted to site

Neutrophils & macrophages eat foreign particles then they die

38
Q

After the clean up crew of neutrophils and macrophages have died, what is the next step in tissue repair

A

pus forms from dead cells and damaged tissue forms. The pus moves to body surface or into cavity & is cleared

39
Q

fever

A

An abnormally high body temperature that occurs because the hypothalamus thermostat is reset

40
Q

Interleukin-1

A

released from macrophages

fever causing substance

41
Q

Lymph from the right side of the upper body, how does it get back into the blood system?

A

R. lymphatic duct then into the Right subclavian vein

42
Q

Lymph from the left side of the upper body, how does it get back into the blood system?

A

into the thoracic duct then into the L subclavian vein

43
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs

A

Thymus and Red bone marrow

44
Q

List the secondary lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes, splee and lymphatic nodules

45
Q

What is happening in the thymus

A

T cells divide and mature, self reactive cells are removed

46
Q

What happens in the lymph nodes

A

Filter lymph, trap foreign substances: macrophages and lymphocytes destroy most foreign substances

47
Q

What is contained in the spleen

A

blood filled venous sinues and RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes plasma cells and granular leukocytes

48
Q

What kind of action is happening in the spleen

A

destruction of worn out or defective blood cells and platelets, stores platelets

49
Q

Interferons

A

interfere with viral reproduction in a cell

50
Q

Compliment system

A

enhanse other immune responses, break cell mb, attract phagocytes, tag microbial cells for destruction

51
Q

Transferrins

A

bind iron and starve bacteria

52
Q

antimicrobial peptides

A

lyse microbes

53
Q

____________ involves cell or antibody directed against a particular antigen

A

adaptive immunity

54
Q

The maturation of B cells occur where?

A

Bone marrow

55
Q

The maturation of T cells occur where?

A

Thymus

56
Q

what does B cells produce?

A

antibodies

57
Q

MHC

A

major histocompatability complex

58
Q

What does MHC do

A

self antigens on cell surface,

59
Q

most abundant antibody found in the blood, protects against bacteria and viruses by enhancing phagocytosis, neutralizing toxins and triggering the compliment system. Only class of antibody to cross the placenta

A

IgG

60
Q

IgG

A

most abundant antibody found in the blood, protects against bacteria and viruses by enhancing phagocytosis, neutralizing toxins and triggering the compliment system. Only class of antibody to cross the placenta

61
Q

IgA

A

found in sweat, tears, saliva, breast milk and GI secretions. provides localized protection of mucus membranes

62
Q

found in sweat, tears, saliva, breast milk and GI secretions. provides localized protection of mucus membranes

A

IgA

63
Q

IgM

A

secreted by plasma cells after initial exposure to any antigen. Activates complement and causes agglutination and lysis of microbes.

64
Q

secreted by plasma cells after initial exposure to any antigen. Activates complement and causes agglutination and lysis of microbes.

A

IgM

65
Q

IgD

A

surfaces of B cells as antigen receptors, involved in activation of B cells

66
Q

surfaces of B cells as antigen receptors, involved in activation of B cells

A

IgD

67
Q

IgE

A

located on mast cells and basophils. Allergic responses and hypersensitivity reactions. Protection from parasitic worms

68
Q

located on mast cells and basophils. Allergic responses and hypersensitivity reactions. Protection from parasitic worms

A

IgE

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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