Joints Flashcards
1
Q
List the 3 structural classification of Joints
A
- Fiberous
- Cartilaginous
- synovial
2
Q
List the three functional classification of joints
A
- Synarthrosis
- Ampiarthrosis
- Diarthrosis
3
Q
Fibrous joints
A
bones held together by dense collagen fibers
4
Q
Cartilaginous joints
A
bones held together by cartilage
5
Q
Synovial joints
A
bones held together by ligaments
6
Q
Synarthrosis
A
an immovable joint
7
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
a slightly movable joint
8
Q
Diarthrosis
A
a freely movable joint
9
Q
What are the three types of fibrous joints
A
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
10
Q
What are some distinguishing features of Fibrous Joints
A
- Lack a synovial cavity
- The articulating bones are held very closely together by dense irregular connective tissue
- Fibrous joints permit little or no movement
- For example: coronal suture
11
Q
What is the name of the type of Fibrous joint which charaterizes these features:
- Immovable joint
- Occur only between the skull bones
A
sutures
12
Q
What is the name of the type of Fibrous Joint which charaterizes these features:
- Permits slight movement
- Interosseous membrane
- Between the tibia and fibula in the leg
A
Syndesmoses
13
Q
What is the name of the type of Fiberous Joint which charaterizes these features:
- Immovable joint
- Joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a cup shaped socket
- Articulations of the teeth with the sockets of the maxillae and mandible
A
Gomphoses
14
Q
Name the 2 types of cartilaginous joints
A
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses
15
Q
What kind of joint has the following features:
- Lack a synovial cavity
- Allow little or no movement
- The joint is tightly connected by cartilage
A
Cartilaginous Joints
16
Q
Synchondroses
A
- The Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
- Found in Epiphyseal (growth) plate in bones
17
Q
Symphyses
A
- Slightly movable joint
- Ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones
- Pubic Symphysis is between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones
- Also found in the intervertebral joints between the vertebrae
18
Q
What kind of joint has the following features
- Slightly movable joint
- Ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones
- Pubic Symphysis is between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones
- Also found in the intervertebral joints between the vertebrae
A
Symphyses
19
Q
What kind of joint displays the following features:
- The Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
- Found in Epiphyseal (growth) plate in bones
A
Synchondroses
20
Q
Synovial Joints
__________ hold bones together for extra support
A
Ligaments
21
Q
Synovial joints
___________ hold bones together via bone to bone contact
A
Ligament
22
Q
_________________ a space allowing a joint to be freely movable
A
Synovial cavity
23
Q
___________ hold bones together via bone to muscle contact
A
tendons
24
Q
Do you sprain a ligament or a tendon
A
a ligament
25
What is an articular capsule
* A sleeve-like capsule enclosing the synovial cavity
* The articular capsule is composed of 2 layers:
* an outer fibrous capsule
* an inner synovial membrane
26
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is secreted by the synovial membrane lining the capsule
synovial fluid
27
What are the 4 functions of synovial fluid
* lubricating the joint
* absorbing shock
* supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage
* removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cartilage
28
* Pads of cartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones
* Allows bones of different shapes to fit together more tightly
Menisci
29
* Sac-like structures containing fluid similar to synovial fluid
* Located between tendons, ligaments and bones
* Cushion the movement of these body parts
Bursae
30
* Wrap around tendons
* Reduce friction at joints
Tendon Sheaths
31
What are the four main categories of movement
1. Gliding
2. Angular movements
3. Rotation
4. Special movements
32
Gliding
* Simple movement back-and-forth and from side-to-side
* There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones
* Limited in range
* Intercarpal joints
33
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Decreases the angle between articulating bones
* Bending the trunk forward
Flexion
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Increases the angle between articulating bones
Extention
35
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist
Lateral flexion
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Continuation of extension beyond the normal extension
* Bending the trunk backward
Hyperextension
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Movement of a bone away from the midline
* Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint
Abduction
38
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Movement of a bone toward the midline
39
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Movement of a body part in a circle
* Moving the humerus in a circle at the shoulder joint
Circumduction
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
* Turning the head from side to side as when you shake your head “no”
Rotation
41
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Upward movement of a part of the body
* Closing the mouth
Elevation
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Downward movement of a part of the body
* Opening the mouth
Depression
43
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Movement of a part of the body anteriorly
* Thrusting the mandible outward
Protraction
44
Movement of a protracted part of the body back to normal
Retraction
45
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
* Movement of the foot medially
* (Its opposing movement is eversion)
Inversion
46
Movement of the sole laterally
Eversion
47
Bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction
Dorsiflexion
48
Bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward direction
Plantar Flexion
49
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward
Supination
50
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward
Pronation
51
Movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand
Opposition
52
Synovial joints are classified based on type of movement
list the 6
1. Planar (Plane Joints)
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condyloid
5. Saddle
6. Ball-and-socket
53
Planar Joints
Primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements
Intercarpal joints
54
Hinge Joints
* Produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged door
* Permit only flexion and extension
* Knee and elbow
55
Pivot Joints
Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone
Joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and posteriorly
56
Condyloid Joints
* The projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone
* Wrist
57
Saddle Joints
* Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle”
* Thumb
58
Ball-and-Socket Joints
* Ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
* Shoulder and hip
59
What factors affect range of motion
* Shape of articulating bones
* Strength & Tension of joint ligaments
* arrangement & tension of muscles
* contact of soft spots
* hormones
* disuse
60
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ joint is the combined hinge and planar joint formed by the mandible and the temporal bone
Temporomandibular Joint
61
Which joint has more freedom of movement than any other point of the body
Shoulder joint
62
What is the largest and most complex joint in the body
Knee joint
a modified hinge joint
63
Elbow joint, made up of what
and what kind of joint
of the Humerous, Ulna & Radius
Hinge joint
64
What may the result of age be on the joints
* decreased synovial fluid
* articular cartilage = thineer
* discs and muscle may decrease in water content
* ligamients shorten and loos some of their flexibility
* osteoarthritis increase with age
65
What are the movements which the spine is capible of
* Right & left side flexion
* flexion
* extention
* lateral flexion
66
What are the movements of the shoulder, specifically the humeral-gleno joint
* abduction
* adduction
* flexion
* extention
* internal rotation
* external rotation
@ 90 degrees:
* internal rotation
* external rotation
* horzontal adduction
* horizontal abduction
* circumduction
67
What are the movement capacities of the elbow
flexion
extention
supranation
pronation
68
What are the wrists opportunity of movement
flexion
extention
abduction
adduction
or ulneréradial deviation
69
Phalanges opportunity of movement
fexion
extention
abduction
adduction
Thumb = opposition
70
Femur opportunity of movement
flexion
extention
circumductin
adduction
abduction
internal rotation
71
Movement opportunites of knee
flexion
extention
internal rotation
external rotation
72
Ankle movement
dorsiflection
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion
circumduction
