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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Endocrine system - 20 > Flashcards

Endocrine system - 20 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways we maintain homeostasis

A

nervous system and endocrine sys

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2
Q

what is the greatest source of estrogen from our environment

A

plastic

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3
Q

When we are in a hurry to get our body to respond to something, what system will we use

A

nervous

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4
Q

In the endocrine system, what are the effectors

A

virtually any type of body cell so can have widespread effects on diverse aspects of metabolism

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5
Q

define endocrine gland

A

Secretions enter interstitial fluid and then  bloodstream Stay in the body: endo- Examples: all hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, adrenalin, estrogen, testosterone

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6
Q

define exocrine gland

A

Exocrine glands - exit the body Secrete substances that enter ducts Ultimately exit the body (exo-) Examples: mucus, saliva and other digestive secretions, sweat, tears

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7
Q

list the endocrine glands, which are specifically for hormone creation

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal

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8
Q

list the endocrine glands which secrete hormones but also have other functions

A

Hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta

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9
Q

how do the lipid soluble hormones travel the blood stream

A

É

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10
Q

What are the lipid soluble hormones

A

Steroids, such as testosterone, estrogens Thyroid hormones: T3 and T4 Nitric oxide (NO)

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11
Q

What are the water soluble hormones

A

Amino acid derivatives, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine Peptides: antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin Proteins: insulin and growth hormone

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12
Q

why does the endocrine system require to be precisely regulated

A

because a small amount has a big effect

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13
Q

what is the effect of hormones binding to their target cells

A

for the target cells to alter their activity

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14
Q

how are hormones transferred through the body

A

blood system

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15
Q

________ serves as a major link between nervous and endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

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16
Q

what are the 2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and ADH

17
Q

How are the secretions of hormones regulated

A

signals from the nervous system chemical changes in blood other hormones

18
Q

the anterior pituitary synthesizes how many hormones

A

7

19
Q

where is the pituitary located

A

Located in depression in sphenoid bone just inferior to the brain

20
Q

How is the pituitary attached to the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary is attached to hypothalamus by stalk (infundibulum)

21
Q

pituitary has 2 lobes

A

anterior and posterior

22
Q

Who`s the boss of the pituitary

A

hypothalamus

23
Q

What are the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

A
  1. Human growth hormone (hGH)
  2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  5. Prolactin
  6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
24
Q

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

what tissues is it secreted by

A

Secreted by liver, muscle, cartilage, bone cells

25
Q

What does hGH promote the synthesis of

A

hGH promotes synthesis of insulin like growth factors (IGFs) = somatomedins

Actions of IGFs much like those of insulin

26
Q

The regulation of hGH is regulated by what

A

By hypothalamic hormones

  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Growth hormone-inhibiting Hormone (GHIH )

By blood glucose levels

  • Low blood glucose levels à release of GHRH
27
Q

What are the actions of hGH

A

Stimulates protein synthesis

  • Maintains muscle and bone mass
  • Promotes healing of injuries, tissue repair

Makes “fuel” (ATP) available for growth

  • Causes fat breakdown (“baby fat”) and release of fatty acids into blood
  • Breaks down liver glycogen à releases glucose into blood
28
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

A

TRH from the hypothalamus controls TSH secretion

29
Q

in females, what does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do

A

In females

  • FSH starts follicle development à
    • Starts egg production
    • Starts estrogen production from follicle cells

LH stimulates formation of corpus luteum

  • Completion of egg and its ovulation
  • Secretion of progesterone + estrogen
30
Q

in males, what does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do

A

In males

  • FSH - sperm production in testes
  • LH - release of testosterone from testes

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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