Chapter 6 - Bone tissue Flashcards
What are the 6 main functions of bone?
support protection movement mineral storage and release blood cell production fat storage
List the 7 parts of a long bone
diaphsyis epiphyses metaphysis articular cartilage periosteum medullary cavity endosteum
Diaphysis
bone shaft or body
epiophyses
the distal and proximal ends
metaphysis
- region where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses
- each metaphysis includes an:
epiphyseal (growth) plate or an epiphyseal line
articular cartilage
- thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
- reduces friction, improves fit and absorbs shock at freely movable joints
periosteum
a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue
- enables bone to grow in length
- protects the bone, nourishment, fracture repair, attachment pt
- attache to bone through perforating fibers
- rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers
medullary cavity
contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
endosteum
thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
What are the 4 types of bone cell?
Osterogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osterogenic Cells
(bone producing) - unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme
Osteoblasts
(bone buds) - bone-building cells
Osteocytes
(bone cells), mature bone cells which maintain daily metabolism (exchange of nutrients and wastes)
Osteoclasts
( bone breakers) - break bone down (resorption) to allow for growth, maintenance, and repair of bone
What is the order in which the bone cells mature
Osterogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Which kind of bone has the following conditions
- Contains few spaces
- The strongest form of bone tissue.
- Found beneath the periosteum of all bones
- Function in protection and support
compact bone tissue
Volkmann’s Canals -
(Perforating)
horizontal channels for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Haversian canals
(Central) canals
- vertical canals that connect with those of the medullary cavity
Lamellae
(Concentric)
rings of calcified extracellular matrix around the central canals
Lacunae
Little lakes
small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes
Canaliculi
small channels (canals) with extracellular fluid radiate from the lacunae & allow osteocytes to share nutrition and remove waste
Gap junctions
allow cells to communicate
Components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called _________
osteons
How are osteons oriented
in the same direction of the lines of stress
