Blood: Chapter 21

Question 1

When blood is separated, how much is plasm

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

What is the purpose does the fact that blood transports heat

Answer 2

to bring it to the surface - cool us down

Question 3

Is blood a connective tissue

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What are the three general functions of blood

Answer 4

transportation, regulation, and protection

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

Neutrophils: first responders to infection
Phagocytosis
Release bacteria-destroying enzyme lysozyme

Question 6

Monocytes

Answer 6

Monocytes  macrophages (“big eaters”)

Known as wandering macrophages

Question 7

Eosinophils

Answer 7

Eosinophils
Phagocytose antibody-antigen complexes
Help suppress inflammation of allergic reactions
Respond to parasitic infections

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

Basophils
Intensify inflammatory responses and allergic reactions
Release chemicals that dilate blood vessels: histamine and serotonin; also heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 9

List the 3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 9

Three types of lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 10

What do B lymphocytes respond to

Answer 10

B lymphocytes respond to foreign substances called antigens and differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies attach to and inactivate the antigens.

Question 11

How do T lymphocytes respond in an immune responce

Answer 11

T lymphocytes directly attack microbes.

Question 12

Major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens

Answer 12

Proteins protruding from plasma membrane of WBCs (and most other body cells)
Called “self-identity markers”

Question 13

What is contained in the plasma

Answer 13

Water: 91.5%
Plasma proteins: 7%
Albumin (54%): function in osmosis; carriers
Globulins (38%): serve as antibodies
Fibrinogen (7%): important in clotting
Other: 1.5%
Electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, vitamins, waste products

Question 14

What are the 5 types of white blood cells

Answer 14

Granular leukocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells
Monocytes

Question 15

What are the subcategories of White blood cells

Answer 15

Granular leukocytes

Agranular leukocytes

Question 16

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 16

Lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells

Monocytes

Question 17

Granular leukocytes

Answer 17

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 18

hematopoiesis

Answer 18

the formation of blood cells

Question 19

Lymphoid stem cells create what

Answer 19

lymphocytes (in lymphatic tissues)

Question 20

other than lymphoid stem cells how are RBC created

Answer 20

Myeloid stem cells

Question 21

Where are all RBC and platelets created other than lyphoid cells

Answer 21

Myeloid stem cells - red bone marrow

Question 22

Pluripotent

Answer 22

embryonic stem cells originate as inner mass cells within a blastocyst. These stem cells can become any tissue in the body, excluding a placenta. Only the morula’s cells are totipotent, able to become all tissues and a placenta.

Question 23

What gives blood its red pigment

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

Does a mature blood cell contain a nucleus

Answer 24

no

Question 25

What is the advantage of the RBC to have a biconcave disc shape

Answer 25

Provides for maximal gas exchange | Is flexible for passing through capillaries

Question 26

how long does a RBC live

Answer 26

3-4 months or about 120 days

Question 27

how do we recycle RBC

Answer 27

Cleared by macrophages (liver and spleen)

Question 28

What is Heme broken down into

Answer 28

Fe Carried in blood by transferrin (“protein escort” of Fe) Recycled in bone marrow for forming synthesis of new hemoglobin; proteins and vitamin B12 required also Non-Fe portion of heme biliverdin  bilirubin Bilirubin to liver  bile  helps absorb fats Intestinal bacteria convert bilirubin into other chemicals that exit in feces (stercobilin) or urine (urobilin)

Question 29

In the blood, what is the protein escort of Fe

Answer 29

Transferrin

Question 30

Erythropoiesis

Answer 30

production of RBC

Question 31

What is the mother cell of the monocyte

Answer 31

myeloid stem cells

Question 32

What is the major function of WBC

Answer 32

Major function: defense against Infection and inflammation Antigen-antibody (allergic) reactions

Question 33

What type of WBC responds to parasitic infections

Answer 33

Eosinophils

Question 34

What type of WBC releases bacteria destroying enzyme lysozyome

Answer 34

Neutrophils

Question 35

What type of WBC Release chemicals that dilate blood vessels: histamine and serotonin; also heparin (anticoagulant)

Answer 35

Basophils

Question 36

Function of platelets

Answer 36

Functions Plug damaged blood vessels Promote blood clotting

Question 37

What are the stages of hemostasis

Answer 37

Vascular spasm, platette plug formation, blood clotting

Question 38

Fibrinolysis

Answer 38

breakdown of clots by plasmin

Question 39

thrombosis

Answer 39

Clots can be triggered by roughness on vessel wall

Question 40

what is a loose clot called

Answer 40

embolism

Question 41

What are the two types of antigens on RBC's

Answer 41

A or B

Question 42

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type A blood

Answer 42

A antigen | anti-B antibodies

Question 43

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type B blood

Answer 43

B Antigen | Anti-A antibodies

Question 44

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type AB blood

Answer 44

Type AB has both A and B antigens | Type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 45

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type O blood

Answer 45

Type O has neither A nor B antigen