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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Blood: Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Blood: Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

When blood is separated, how much is plasm

A

55%

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2
Q

What is the purpose does the fact that blood transports heat

A

to bring it to the surface - cool us down

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3
Q

Is blood a connective tissue

A

yes

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4
Q

What are the three general functions of blood

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A

Neutrophils: first responders to infection
Phagocytosis
Release bacteria-destroying enzyme lysozyme

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6
Q

Monocytes

A

Monocytes  macrophages (“big eaters”)

Known as wandering macrophages

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7
Q

Eosinophils

A

Eosinophils
Phagocytose antibody-antigen complexes
Help suppress inflammation of allergic reactions
Respond to parasitic infections

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8
Q

Basophils

A

Basophils
Intensify inflammatory responses and allergic reactions
Release chemicals that dilate blood vessels: histamine and serotonin; also heparin (anticoagulant)

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9
Q

List the 3 types of lymphocytes

A

Three types of lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
Natural killer (NK) cells

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10
Q

What do B lymphocytes respond to

A

B lymphocytes respond to foreign substances called antigens and differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies attach to and inactivate the antigens.

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11
Q

How do T lymphocytes respond in an immune responce

A

T lymphocytes directly attack microbes.

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12
Q

Major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens

A

Proteins protruding from plasma membrane of WBCs (and most other body cells)
Called “self-identity markers”

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13
Q

What is contained in the plasma

A

Water: 91.5%
Plasma proteins: 7%
Albumin (54%): function in osmosis; carriers
Globulins (38%): serve as antibodies
Fibrinogen (7%): important in clotting
Other: 1.5%
Electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, vitamins, waste products

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14
Q

What are the 5 types of white blood cells

A 
Granular leukocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells
Monocytes
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15
Q

What are the subcategories of White blood cells

A

Granular leukocytes

Agranular leukocytes

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16
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells

Monocytes

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17
Q

Granular leukocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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18
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the formation of blood cells

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19
Q

Lymphoid stem cells create what

A

lymphocytes (in lymphatic tissues)

20
Q

other than lymphoid stem cells how are RBC created

A

Myeloid stem cells

21
Q

Where are all RBC and platelets created other than lyphoid cells

A

Myeloid stem cells - red bone marrow

22
Q

Pluripotent

A

embryonic stem cells originate as inner mass cells within a blastocyst. These stem cells can become any tissue in the body, excluding a placenta. Only the morula’s cells are totipotent, able to become all tissues and a placenta.

23
Q

What gives blood its red pigment

A

Hemoglobin

24
Q

Does a mature blood cell contain a nucleus

A

no

25
Q

What is the advantage of the RBC to have a biconcave disc shape

A

Provides for maximal gas exchange

Is flexible for passing through capillaries

26
Q

how long does a RBC live

A

3-4 months or about 120 days

27
Q

how do we recycle RBC

A

Cleared by macrophages (liver and spleen)

28
Q

What is Heme broken down into

A

Fe
Carried in blood by transferrin (“protein escort” of Fe)
Recycled in bone marrow for forming synthesis of new hemoglobin; proteins and vitamin B12 required also
Non-Fe portion of heme biliverdin  bilirubin
Bilirubin to liver  bile  helps absorb fats
Intestinal bacteria convert bilirubin into other chemicals that exit in feces (stercobilin) or urine (urobilin)

29
Q

In the blood, what is the protein escort of Fe

A

Transferrin

30
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

production of RBC

31
Q

What is the mother cell of the monocyte

A

myeloid stem cells

32
Q

What is the major function of WBC

A

Major function: defense against
Infection and inflammation
Antigen-antibody (allergic) reactions

33
Q

What type of WBC responds to parasitic infections

A

Eosinophils

34
Q

What type of WBC releases bacteria destroying enzyme lysozyome

A

Neutrophils

35
Q

What type of WBC Release chemicals that dilate blood vessels: histamine and serotonin; also heparin (anticoagulant)

A

Basophils

36
Q

Function of platelets

A

Functions
Plug damaged blood vessels
Promote blood clotting

37
Q

What are the stages of hemostasis

A

Vascular spasm, platette plug formation, blood clotting

38
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

breakdown of clots by plasmin

39
Q

thrombosis

A

Clots can be triggered by roughness on vessel wall

40
Q

what is a loose clot called

A

embolism

41
Q

What are the two types of antigens on RBC’s

A

A or B

42
Q

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type A blood

A

A antigen

anti-B antibodies

43
Q

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type B blood

A

B Antigen

Anti-A antibodies

44
Q

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type AB blood

A

Type AB has both A and B antigens

Type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

45
Q

What type of Antigen and antibodies are found on type O blood

A

Type O has neither A nor B antigen

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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