Chapter 2 - Intro to Chemistry

Question 1

how do you find the mass number of an atom?

Answer 1

add up the protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is the difference between an ion and a molecule

Answer 2

An Ion is an atom that has either given away or received an additional electron, making it Cation/Anion
A molecule is to or more atoms of the same element or of different elements

Question 3

Free Radical

Answer 3

an ion or molecule that has an unpaired electron

Question 4

compound

Answer 4

a substance that can be broken down into tow or more different element by ordinary chemical means

Question 5

chemical bond

Answer 5

forces that bind the atoms of molecules and compounds together

Question 6

valence sheel

Answer 6

number of electrons in it’s outermost shell

Question 7

What kind of bonds are there?

Answer 7

ionic
covalent
hydrogen

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

the capacity to do work

Question 9

potential energy

Answer 9

energy stored by matter due to its position

Question 10

kinetic energy

Answer 10

energy of matter in motion

Question 11

chemical energy

Answer 11

form of potential energy stored in the bonds of molecules

Question 12

anabolism

Answer 12

building up - putting things together

Question 13

catabolism

Answer 13

breaking down reactions

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

adenosine triphosphate

molecule of stored energy

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

sum of the chemical reactions in the body

Question 16

inorganic compunds

Answer 16

usually lack Carbon

held together by ionic or covalent bonds

Question 17

Organic compounds

Answer 17

always contain carbon

always have covalent bonds

Question 18

What are the special properties about water for life?

Answer 18

excellent solvent
participant in Chemical reactions
absorbs and releases heat slowly
requires a large amount of heat to change to gas
lubricant

Question 19

What is an acid

Answer 19

a substance that breaks apart into one or more hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water
pH less than 7

Question 20

What is a base

Answer 20

dissipated into hydroxide ions when in water

pH more than 7

Question 21

Carbohydrates

Answer 21

organic compounds: C, H, & O
ratio 1:2:1
monsaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 22

How do you brake down disaccharides & polysaccharides

Answer 22

dehydration synthesis reaction
or
hydrolysis to build

Question 23

lipids

Answer 23

contain C, H & O

fats and oils

Question 24

triglycserides

Answer 24

consist of three fatty acids (hydrophobic) attached to a glycerol backbone (hydrophilic)
move fats around the body

Question 25

essential fatty acid

Answer 25

essential to human health, must be obtained from foods or suppliments

Question 26

Phospholipids

Answer 26

glycerol head
2 non polar tails
makes up the plasma membrane

Question 27

steroids

Answer 27

4 carbon rings

choleserol is the starting molecule for synthesis of other steroids in the body

Question 28

proteins

Answer 28

contain C, H, O & N

some contain sulfur

Question 29

amino acids

Answer 29

building blocks of proteins
amino group plus carboxyl group
peptide bonds

Question 30

denaturation

Answer 30

protein encounters hostile enviro in which pH, temp, or ion concentration makes it loose it’s shape = no longer functional

Question 31

enzymes

Answer 31

speed up reactions
increase frequency of collisions
orienting colliding molecules
lowering activation energy

Question 32

catalyst

Answer 32

speeds up a process without being changed

Question 33

What are the three importatnt properties of enzymes

Answer 33

specificity
efficiency
control

Question 34

what are the 4 most common elements in the body

Answer 34

C, N, O, H