Chapter 5 - Integumentary

Question 1

subcutaneous layer

Answer 1

not part of the skin

deep to the dermis

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

of skin
the thinner portion
apical
composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

lamellated corpucle

Answer 3

encapsulated nerve endings sensitive to pressure

found in the subcutaneous layer of skin

Question 4

the intergumentary system is made up of organs such as the:

Answer 4

Skin
Blood vessels
Nerves
Accessory structures (hair, nails, and skin glands)

Question 5

How may layers are there in the skin?

Answer 5

4 layers in regular skin

5 in thick skin

Question 6

Langerhans cells

Answer 6

arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis

become immune cells

Question 7

Merkel cells

Answer 7

located in the deepest layer

touch sensation

Question 8

List the layers of the skin

Answer 8

Epidermis
Dermis
subcutaneous
superficial fascia

Question 9

List the 4 types of specialized cells of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 9

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
Merkel Discs

Question 10

melanocytes

Answer 10

produce melanin a yellow-red or brown black pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation

Question 11

Keratinocytes

Answer 11

Make up 90% of cell types

contain keratin - waterproofing

Question 12

List the layers of the epidermis from most deep to superficial

Answer 12

stratum Basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 13

Stratum basale

Answer 13

deepest layer of the epidermis
single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
some are stem cells
contain a few melanocytes and merkel discs

Question 14

stratum spinosum

Answer 14

fit tightly together
provides strength and flexibility
contain melanocytes and langerhans cells

Question 15

stratum granulosum

Answer 15

granulos = little grains
undergoing apoptosis
in the keratinocytes are lamellar granules: waterproofing and lipid rich
beginning of superficial strata

Question 16

stratum lucidum

Answer 16

only on thick skin - palms of hand, sole of feet

contain large amount of keratinocytes

Question 17

stratum corneum

Answer 17

cells horn shaped

continuously replced and shed

Question 18

Which type or keratinocytes are only found in thick skin?

Answer 18

stratum lucidum

Question 19

The dermis is composed of mainly _______________

Answer 19

connective tissue

Question 20

embedded in the tissue of the demis are:

Answer 20

blood vessels
Nerves
glands
hair follicals

Question 21

Papillary

Answer 21

superficial portion of the dermis
contains areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
contains demal papillae that house capillaries, corpuscles of touch, and free nerve endings

Question 22

reticular

Answer 22

deepest portion of the dermis
dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collage and some elastic fibers
spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands

Question 23

list the three pigments that make up the skins color

Answer 23

melanin
hemoglobin
carotene

Question 24

melanin

Answer 24

pale yellow to red to tan toblack.

2 forms of melanin pheomelanin (yellow to red) and eumelanin (brown to black),

Question 25

which pigment is responsible for the blush of the skin

Answer 25

hemoglobin

Question 26

which pigment is the yellow-orange pigment

Answer 26

carotene

Question 27

What is the function of pili?

Answer 27

protection from injury, sun, foreign particles decrease in heat loss touch receptors

Question 28

Hair bulb

Answer 28

base of the follicle (shaped like an onion)

Question 29

Hair Follicle

Answer 29

– external and internal root sheaths | - extensions and connections of the epidermis

Question 30

What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 30

to make the hair stand up

Question 31

Hair Root Plexuses

Answer 31

– bundles of neurons for light touch sensation

Question 32

What are the three types of exocrine glands of the skin? | be able to label them on a diagram

Answer 32

sebaceous gland sudoriferous gland ceruminous gland

Question 33

sebaceous glands | where are they found

Answer 33

simple, branched acinar glands connected to hair follicles found in lips, glans penis, labia minora, tarsal gland of eyelids

Question 34

Where are sebaceous glands absent

Answer 34

palms and soles

Question 35

Which gland secretes sebum

Answer 35

sebaceous glands

Question 36

ceruminous glands | where are they found?

Answer 36

extrernal ear

Question 37

which type of gland secretes cerumen

Answer 37

earwax | ceruminous glands

Question 38

List the 6 functions of the skin?

Answer 38

``` temp control blood reservior protection sensation excretion synthesis of vit D ```