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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Each upper limb has ___ bones

With 2 seperate regions what are they?

A

32

  1. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (2 bones)
  2. The free (moveable) part (30 bones)
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2
Q

How many carpal bones are in each hand?

A

8

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3
Q

How many metacarpals & phalanges in each hand?

A

19

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4
Q

The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum forming the___________

A

sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

Clavicle

The lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the________________

A

acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

Of the pectoral girdle, what are the palpable landmarks?

A

Palpable landmarks include:

  • spine of the scapula,
  • acromion,
  • coracoid process,
  • supraspineous fossa,
  • infraspineous fossa,
  • subscapular fossa
  • glenoid cavity
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7
Q

Acromion

A

– the flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula

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8
Q

Coracoid process

A

a protruding projection on the anterior surface just inferior to the lateral aspect of the clavicle

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9
Q

Subscapular fossa

A

the depression on the anterior side of the scapula (attachment for the subscapularis muscle)

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10
Q

Feature of the scapula

Spine

A

Spine – a large process on the posterior of the scapula that ends laterally as the acromion

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11
Q

Feature of the scapula

Supraspinous fossa

A

Supraspinous fossa – the depression above the spine (attachment for the supraspinatus muscle)

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12
Q

Feature of the scapula

Infraspinous fossa

A

Infraspinous fossa – the depression below the spine (attachment for the infraspinatus muscle)

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13
Q

Feature of the scapula

Glenoid cavity

A

Glenoid cavity – shallow concavity that articulates with the humerus

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14
Q

Scapula - Features

Where is the medial (vertebral) border

A

The medial (vertebral) border - closest to the vertebral spine

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15
Q

Scapula - Features

Where is the Lateral border

A

Lateral border - closest to the arm

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16
Q

Scapula feature

Where is the superior border

A

superior edge

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17
Q

Scapula - features

where is the inferior angle?

A

where the meidal and lateral bordgers meet inferiorly

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18
Q

Scapula features,

where is the superior angle

A

the uppermost aspect of scapula where midal morder meets superior border

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19
Q

What is the longes and larges bone of the free part of the upper limb?

A

Humerus

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20
Q

The humerus

The proximal ball-shaped end articulates with the________________

A

glenoid cavity of the scapula

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21
Q

The humerus

The distal end articulates at the elbow with the_______________

A

radius and ulna

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22
Q

The head of the humerus has 2 unequal-sized projections. What are they

A

1) The greater tubercle lies more laterally
2) The lesser tubercle lies more anteriorly

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23
Q

Where on the humberous does the biceps brachii tendon lie

A

Between the tubercles lies the intertubercular groove or sulcus (bicipital groove)

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24
Q

On the humerus, where does the deltoid tendon lie

A

mid-shaft on the lateral aspect is a roughened area, the deltoid tuberosity where the deltoid tendon attaches

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25
Q

Humerus - surface features

what is the capitulum

A

a round knob like process on the lateral distal humerus

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26
Q

Humerus - surface features

Trochlea

A

medial to the capitulum, is a spool-shaped projection on the distal humerus

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27
Q

Humerus - Surface Features

Coronoid fossa

A

Coronoid fossa - anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during forearm flexion

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28
Q

Humerus - Surface Features

Olecranon fossa

A

Olecranon fossa - posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna during forearm extension

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29
Q

Humerus - Surface Features

The __________ and__________ are bony projections to which the forearm muscles attach

A

medial

lateral epicondyles

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30
Q

Of the forearm, which bone is longer

A

Ulna

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31
Q

Skeleton of the Forearm - Ulna

Olecranon

A

Olecranon - the large, prominent proximal end, the “tip of your elbow”

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32
Q

Skeleton of the Forearm - Ulna

Coronoid process

A

Coronoid process - the anterior “lip” of the proximal ulna

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33
Q

Skeleton of the Forearm - Ulna

Trochlear notch

A

the deep fossa that receives the trochlea of the humerus during elbow flexion

34
Q

Skeleton of the Forearm - Ulna

Styloid process

A

Styloid process - the thin cylindrical projection on the posterior side of the ulna’s head

35
Q

The head of the radius articulates with what

A

The head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

36
Q

Radial tuberosity

A
  • medial and inferior to neck, attachment site for biceps brachii muscle
37
Q

the Radius

The head (disc-shaped) and neck are where

A

at the proximal end

38
Q

the styloid process of the radius is where

A

Styloid process - large distal projection on lateral side of radius

39
Q

The shaft of the ulna and radius are connected by what

A

interosseus membrane

40
Q

Distally, the head of the ulna articulates with the__________________

A

ulnar notch of the radius

41
Q

Proximally, the head of the radius articulates with the___________________

A

radial notch of the ulna

42
Q

What are the 8 small capal bones of the hand called

A

2 rows of carpal bones

1) Proximal row - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
2) Distal row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

43
Q

Of the hand bones the____________ is the most commonly fractured often by falling on an outstretched hand

A

scaphoid

44
Q

The most commonly dislocated bone in the hand is the_________ and this may actually take longer to heal than the broken scaphoid

A

lunate

45
Q

Each coxal bone consists of how many bones

name them

A

Each coxal (hip) bone consists of 3 bones that fuse together: ilium, pubis, and ischium

46
Q

The 2 coxal bones are joined anteriorly by the__________________

A

pubic symphysis (fibrocartilage)

47
Q

Each coxal bone is joined posteriorly by the sacrum forming the _______________

A

sacroiliac joints

48
Q

of the coxal bones, which is largest

A

Ilium

49
Q

Of the ilium, describe the acetabulum

A

the inferior body which forms the acetabulum (the socket for the head of the femur)

50
Q

on the Ilium where is the hip pointer

A

Hip pointer - occurs at anterior superior iliac spine

51
Q

Ischium

A

inferior and posterior part of the hip bone

52
Q

What is the most prominent feature of the Ischium

A

the ischial tuberosity, is the part that meets the chair when you are sitting

53
Q

Pubis

A

inferior and anterior part of the hip bone

54
Q

Pelvic brim

A
  • a line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis
55
Q

True pelvis

A
  • the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim, has an inlet, an outlet and a cavity
56
Q

What is distinctively different about a male pelvic bone

A
  • bone are larger and heavier
  • pelvic inlet is smaller and heart shaped
  • pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
57
Q

What is distinctively different about a female pelvis

A
  • wider and shallower
  • Pubic arch is greater than 90°
  • More space in the true pelvis
58
Q

Which bone is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body

A

Femur

59
Q

Proximally, the head of the femur articulates with the __________of the hip bone forming the hip (coxal) joint

A

acetabulum

60
Q

Distally, the medial and lateral condyles articulate with the ______________ forming the knee joint

A

condyles of the tibia

Also articulates with patella via the patellar tendon (ligament)

61
Q

Which bones to the acetabulum consist of

A

All three

Pubis, Iliac & Ischium

62
Q

On the femur, what are the greater and lesser trochanters for

A

Greater and lesser trochanters are projections where large muscles attach

63
Q

On the femur, what are the gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera for

A

Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera - attachment sites for the large hip muscles

64
Q

on the femur

intercondylar fossa

A

depression between the condyles

65
Q

femur

medial and lateral epicondyles

A

muscle site attachments for the knee muscles

66
Q

What is the larges sesamoid bone in the body

A

patella

67
Q

How does the patella support the quadriceps

A

increase the leverage of the quadriceps femoris muscle

68
Q

How is runners knee caused

A

“runner’s knee” is a condition in which the patella rubs on the underlying bone degrading the cartilage.

69
Q

The tibia

The lateral and medial condyles at the ___________ articulate with the femur

A

proximal end

70
Q

the tibia articulase distally with ________________

A

the talus and fibula

71
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

attachment sit for the patellar ligament

72
Q

Tibia

medial malleolus

A

medial surface of distal end

73
Q

the smaller, laterally placed bone of the foreleg

A

fibula

74
Q

which bone of the foreleg is non weightbearing

A

fibula

75
Q

the head of the fibula forms the ______________ joint

A

proximal tibiofibular

76
Q

fibula

lateral malleolus

A

distal end, articulates with the tibia and the talus of the ancle

77
Q

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot

name them

A

7 tarsal (ankle) bones

  • Talus (articulates with tibia and fibula)
  • Calcaneus (the heel bone, the largest and strongest),
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • 3 cuneiforms
78
Q

describe the arches of the feet

A

2 arches support the weight of the body:

1) Transverse Arch
2) Longitudinal Arch: With medial and lateral portions

79
Q

Flatfoot (pes planus)

A

the arches decrease or “fall” often cause by poor arch support in the footwear

80
Q

Clawfoot (pes cavus)

A
  • too much arch occurs due to various pathologies often genetic or from tight fitting shoes

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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