Chapter 3 - Cells Flashcards
Description and function:
plasma membrane
outer boundary of the cell; phospholipid bi-layer w proteins & CHO
job: protection, controls movement in and out of the cell; cell-cell comunication
Description and function:
microvilli
folds of MB to increase surface area for absorption or secretion
Description and function:
nucleus
large, spherical body that is composed of nucleoli and chomatin, enclosed by a nuclear envelope with pares
control center; DNA withing the genes directs cellularee activities and cellular structure
Description and function:
nucleolus
small spherical body or bodies w in the nucleus
creates and assembles rRNA
Description and function:
cytoplasm
Cytosol plus all organelles except the nucleus.
Semifluid portion of cytoplasm in which organelles and inclusions are suspended and solutes are dissolved. Also called intracellular fluid.
Description and function:
Organelles
A permanent structure within a cell with characteristic morphology that is specialized to serve a specific function in cellular activities.
Description and function:
mitochondria
A double-membraned organelle that plays a central role in the production of ATP; known as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
Description and function:
Rough ER
A network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, support, storage, synthesis, and packaging of molecules. Portions of ER where ribosomes are attached to the outer surface are called rough ER; portions that have no ribosomes are called smooth ER.
Description and function:
Golgi complex
An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of four to six flattened sacs (cisternae), stacked on one another, with expanded areas at their ends; functions in processing, sorting, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles.
Description and function:
lysosomes
An organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a single membrane and containing powerful digestive enzymes.
Description and function:
peroxisomes
Organelle similar in structure to a lysosome that contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize various organic compounds; such reactions produce hydrogen peroxide; abundant in liver cells.
Description and function:
Cytoskeleton
Complex internal structure of cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
Description and function:
Centrosomes (centrioles)
A dense network of small protein fibers near the nucleus of a cell, containing a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material.
Description and function:
Cilia
A hair or hairlike process projecting from a cell that may be used to move the entire cell or to move substances along the surface of the cell. Plural is cilia.
Description and function:
flagella
A hairlike, motile process on the extremity of a bacterium, protozoan, or sperm cell. Plural is flagella (fla-JEL-a).
