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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Nervous Tissue 15 > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consis of

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the Peripheral nervous system consist of

A
  • consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers
  • connects CNS to the muscles, glands & all sensory receptors
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3
Q

Dermatome

A

cutaneous area developed from one embryonei spinal cord segment and recieving most of its sensory innervation from one spinal nerve.

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4
Q

Myotome

A

group of muscle sinnervated by the motor neruons of a single spinal segment

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5
Q

motor neuron

A

neurons that conduct impulses from th ebrain toward the psinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord into cranial or spial nerves to effectors that may be wither muscles of glands. Asl known as efferent neurons

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6
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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7
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord

A

31

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8
Q

Ganglia

A

n(located outside the brain and spinal cord), are small masses of nervous tissue, containing primarily cell bodies of neurons.

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9
Q

Plexuses

A

nPlexuses crossing over of nerves to backup function e.g. Enteric plexuses help regulate the digestive system.

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10
Q

Sensory receptors

A

nSensory receptors are either parts of neurons or specialized cells that monitor changes in the internal or external environment.

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves exit in the cervial

A

8

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12
Q

How are the nerves named

A

from the vertebrae that they exit

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13
Q

Describe what the sensory function of nerves mean

A

nSensory function: to detect changes in the internal and external environment through specialized receptors.

qSensory (afferent) neurons (nerve cells) serve this function.

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14
Q

afferent

A

sensory

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15
Q

efferent

A

motor

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16
Q

What are beroreceptors

A

the mech by which we have a feedback loop for blood pressure

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17
Q

What purpose do interneurons serve

A

nIntegrative function: to analyze the sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors.

qAssociation or interneurons serve this function.

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18
Q

______________ is to respond to stimuli by initiating action.

A

motor function

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19
Q

What is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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20
Q

define slow axonal transport

A

movement of materials from the cell body to the axon terminals

  • movement in one direction only – away from cell body
    • movement at 1-5 mm per day
21
Q

define fast axonal flow

A
  • moves organelles & materials along surface of microtubules
  • at 200-400 mm per day
  • transports in either direction
  • for use or for recycling in cell body
22
Q

Purkinji cell

A

cell shape- highly branching dendrites

in cerebellum

23
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

found in the cerebral cortex

pyramid chaped cell bodies

24
Q

What is the most coomon type of cell found in the CNS

A

neuroglia

25
Q

Which cell of the CNS is analgous to the schwann cells of the PNS

A

glial cells

26
Q

______________ myelinate (wrap around) axons in the PNS during fetal development

A

Schwann cells

27
Q

n saltatory conduction

A

– a leap frog action of the action potential that speeds up transmission

28
Q

What allows for saltatory conduction

A

myelinated axons

29
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

the gaps in the myelin sheath which appear at intervals along the axon

30
Q

if the nerve is cut, what may limit the re growth of the nerve

A

the myelin sheath grows back faster than the nerve

31
Q

Organization of the nervous system

which system

motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

A

SNS - Somatic nervous system

voluntary

32
Q

Organization of the Nervous system

which system

is invouluntary from snsory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

A

ANS - Autonomi nervous system

motor neurons to smooth an cardiac muscle an dglands

33
Q

What does they sympathetic division of the ANS do

A

speeds up heart rate

34
Q

What does the parasympatetic division of the ANS do

A

slows down heart rate

35
Q

Organization of the Nervous system

which system

is involuntary sensory and motor neruons which control the GI tract

A

ENS

Entric Nervous system

36
Q

____________ neurons dunction independently of ANS & CNS

A

ENS

37
Q

Why are neurons electrically excitable

A

due to their voltage difference across their membrane

38
Q

Electrical signals in neurons

what are the two types of electric signals

A
  • action potentials that can travel long distances
      • graded potentials that are local membrane changes only
39
Q

What are Leakage channels

A

they allow a small steady stram of ions to leak across the mb following the electrochemical gradient

40
Q

due to leakage channels, which ion is membrane more permeable to

A

K+

41
Q

What is the resting mb potential in nerve tissue

A

-70mV

42
Q

List the four different types of ion channels in neurons

A
  1. Leakage channels
  2. Ligand-gated channels
  3. voltage gated channels
  4. mechanically gated ion channels
43
Q

Which kind of gated ion channel responds to mechanical vibration or pressure

A

Mechanical

44
Q

Which type of ion gated channel responds to a direct change in the membrane potential

A

voltage gated channels

45
Q

Which type of channel opens and closes in response to a stimulus

A

Ligand gated channels

results in neuron excitability

46
Q

___________ ions along inside of cell membrane & _______ ions along outside

A

Negative ions along inside of cell membrane & positive ions along outside

47
Q

What are the 2 reasons that action potentials exist

A
  1. conentration of ions different inside and out
  2. mb permiabiltiy differs for Na+ & K+
48
Q

Grated potentials

A

short distance signals

volage diminishes with distance

49
Q

Action potentials

A

long distance signals

voltage does not diminish with distance

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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