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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Brain and Cranial Nerves 17 > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the Brain stem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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2
Q

What comprises the diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothatlmus, epithalamus

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3
Q

What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri

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4
Q

What separates the two cerebellar hemispheres of the brain?

A

Falx cerebelli

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5
Q

_________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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6
Q

How much blood does the brain receive

A

20%

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7
Q

Which arteries carry blood to the brain

A

Carotid and vertebral arteries

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8
Q

Which veins returns blood from the brain

A

Internal jugular

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9
Q

_____________ protects the brain from harmful substances

A

Blood brain barrier

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10
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clear fluid
Circulates the ventricles & spinal cord & subarachnoid space
Absorbs shock
Transports nutrients and waste from blood and nervous tissue

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11
Q

Brain stem

A

continuation of the spinal cord; consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.

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12
Q

Diencephalon - what is it comprised of

A

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus.

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13
Q

List the cranial meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.

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14
Q

Three extensions of the dura mater what are they

A

Falx cerebri,Falx cerebelli, Tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

Falx cerebri

A

separate the two cerebral hemispheres.

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16
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

separate the two cerebellar hemispheres.

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17
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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18
Q

How much blood supply does the brain recieve

A

20%

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19
Q

How much body mass is the brain

A

2% of the body

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20
Q

in the menegies, where does the CSF flow

A

subarachnoid space

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21
Q

List how the CSF moves through the brain

A

CSF from the lateral ventricles  interventricular foramina  third ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  fourth ventricle  subarachnoid space or central canal.

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22
Q

Where is the CSP reabsorbed into the blood

A

arachnoid villi.

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23
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory nerve 1

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24
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic nerve 2

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25
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor nerve 3
26
cranial nerve 4
trochlear nerve 4
27
cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal nerve 5
28
Cranial nerve 6
Abducens nerve 6
29
Cranial nerve 7
facial nerve 7
30
cranial nerve 8
vestivulocochlear nerve 8
31
cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal nerve 9
32
Cranial nerve 10
Vagus nerve 10
33
Cranial nerve 11
Accessory nerve 11
34
cranial nerve 12
hypoglossal nerve 12
35
How is CSF produced
plasma is drawn from the chorocoid plexues through ependymal cells into ventricles to produce CSF and produced in the ventricles, subarachnoid space, central canal
36
What are choroid plexuses
networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles
37
What does the CSF pass through from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle
aqueduct
38
pyramids
Bulges on the anterior aspect of the medulla. Formed by the large corticospinal tracts that pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord. Where the crossover happens on the ascending tracts
39
where does decussation happen
medulla oblongata
40
Medulla Oblongata, what vital functions does this portion of the brain control
cardiovascular and respriatory
41
loss of neurons in which area is associated with Parkinsons disease
Midbrain
42
functions of the cerebellum
Functions - coordinate movements, regulate posture and balance
43
Thalamus
Major relay station for most sensory impulses.
44
hypothalamus
Control of the ANS. Production of hormones Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature, and circadian rhythms
45
epithalamus
Small region superior to the thalamus. Consists of pineal gland which secretes a hormone called melatonin Melatonin induces sleep
46
List the lobes of the cerebrum
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe.
47
Central sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
48
Precentral gyrus
primary motor area
49
Postcentral gyrus
primary somatosensory area
50
purpose of the basal ganglia
Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone
51
limbic system
Includes cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, mammillary bodies, thalamus, and the olfactory bulb. “emotional brain” as it governs emotional aspects of behavior. Also involved in olfaction and memory.
52
What does the Olfactory nerve 1 percieve
Sense of smell.
53
Optic nerve (2)
nerve of vision
54
Oculomotor Nerve (3)
Supply extrinsic eye muscles to control movements of the eyeball and upper eyelid.
55
Trochlear Nerve (4)
Controls movement of the eyeball.
56
Trigeminal nerve (5)
Largest cranial nerve. Mixed nerve. Three branches: opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Deal with sensation of touch, pain and temperature. Motor axons supply muscles of mastication.
57
Abducens Nerve (6)
eyeball (lateral rotation).
58
Facial (VII) Nerve
taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. | Motor portion arises from the pons and deal with facial expression
59
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Nerve
equilibrium. | hearing.
60
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve
taste buds of the posterior one-third of the tongue. | deal with the release of saliva.
61
Vagus (X) Nerve
into abdomen proprioception, and stretching. Motor neurons arise from the medulla and supply muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate that are involved in swallowing and vocalization.
62
Accessory (XI) Nerve
Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles to coordinate head movements.
63
Hypoglossal (XII) Nerve
speech and swallowing.
64
Reticular activation system
contains sensory axons and maintains conciousness
65
Wernicke’s area
left temporal and parietal lobes.
66
Are the cranial nerves part of the CNS
no they are part of the peripheral nervous system
67
anacronym for remembering cranal nerves
OOO To Tough And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH
68
What are the major parts of the brain
brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cerebrum
69
What does the blood brain barrier do
Limits the passage of certain material from the blood and brain
70
how is the brain protected
cranial bones, meniges and cerebrospinal fluid

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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