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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Brain and Cranial Nerves 17 > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the Brain stem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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2
Q

What comprises the diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothatlmus, epithalamus

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3
Q

What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri

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4
Q

What separates the two cerebellar hemispheres of the brain?

A

Falx cerebelli

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5
Q

_________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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6
Q

How much blood does the brain receive

A

20%

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7
Q

Which arteries carry blood to the brain

A

Carotid and vertebral arteries

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8
Q

Which veins returns blood from the brain

A

Internal jugular

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9
Q

_____________ protects the brain from harmful substances

A

Blood brain barrier

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10
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clear fluid
Circulates the ventricles & spinal cord & subarachnoid space
Absorbs shock
Transports nutrients and waste from blood and nervous tissue

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11
Q

Brain stem

A

continuation of the spinal cord; consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.

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12
Q

Diencephalon - what is it comprised of

A

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus.

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13
Q

List the cranial meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.

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14
Q

Three extensions of the dura mater what are they

A

Falx cerebri,Falx cerebelli, Tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

Falx cerebri

A

separate the two cerebral hemispheres.

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16
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

separate the two cerebellar hemispheres.

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17
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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18
Q

How much blood supply does the brain recieve

A

20%

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19
Q

How much body mass is the brain

A

2% of the body

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20
Q

in the menegies, where does the CSF flow

A

subarachnoid space

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21
Q

List how the CSF moves through the brain

A

CSF from the lateral ventricles  interventricular foramina  third ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  fourth ventricle  subarachnoid space or central canal.

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22
Q

Where is the CSP reabsorbed into the blood

A

arachnoid villi.

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23
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory nerve 1

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24
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic nerve 2

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25
Q

Cranial nerve 3

A

Oculomotor nerve 3

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26
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear nerve 4

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27
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

Trigeminal nerve 5

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28
Q

Cranial nerve 6

A

Abducens nerve 6

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29
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

facial nerve 7

30
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

vestivulocochlear nerve 8

31
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve 9

32
Q

Cranial nerve 10

A

Vagus nerve 10

33
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

Accessory nerve 11

34
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal nerve 12

35
Q

How is CSF produced

A

plasma is drawn from the chorocoid plexues through ependymal cells into ventricles to produce CSF
and produced in the ventricles, subarachnoid space, central canal

36
Q

What are choroid plexuses

A

networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles

37
Q

What does the CSF pass through from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

A

aqueduct

38
Q

pyramids

A

Bulges on the anterior aspect of the medulla. Formed by the large corticospinal tracts that pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
Where the crossover happens on the ascending tracts

39
Q

where does decussation happen

A

medulla oblongata

40
Q

Medulla Oblongata, what vital functions does this portion of the brain control

A

cardiovascular and respriatory

41
Q

loss of neurons in which area is associated with Parkinsons disease

A

Midbrain

42
Q

functions of the cerebellum

A

Functions - coordinate movements, regulate posture and balance

43
Q

Thalamus

A

Major relay station for most sensory impulses.

44
Q

hypothalamus

A

Control of the ANS.
Production of hormones
Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature, and circadian rhythms

45
Q

epithalamus

A

Small region superior to the thalamus.
Consists of pineal gland which secretes a hormone called melatonin
Melatonin induces sleep

46
Q

List the lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe.

47
Q

Central sulcus

A

separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

48
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

primary motor area

49
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatosensory area

50
Q

purpose of the basal ganglia

A

Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone

51
Q

limbic system

A

Includes cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, mammillary bodies, thalamus, and the olfactory bulb.
“emotional brain” as it governs emotional aspects of behavior.
Also involved in olfaction and memory.

52
Q

What does the Olfactory nerve 1 percieve

A

Sense of smell.

53
Q

Optic nerve (2)

A

nerve of vision

54
Q

Oculomotor Nerve (3)

A

Supply extrinsic eye muscles to control movements of the eyeball and upper eyelid.

55
Q

Trochlear Nerve (4)

A

Controls movement of the eyeball.

56
Q

Trigeminal nerve (5)

A

Largest cranial nerve.
Mixed nerve.
Three branches: opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Deal with sensation of touch, pain and temperature.
Motor axons supply muscles of mastication.

57
Q

Abducens Nerve (6)

A

eyeball (lateral rotation).

58
Q

Facial (VII) Nerve

A

taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Motor portion arises from the pons and deal with facial expression

59
Q

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Nerve

A

equilibrium.

hearing.

60
Q

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve

A

taste buds of the posterior one-third of the tongue.

deal with the release of saliva.

61
Q

Vagus (X) Nerve

A

into abdomen
proprioception, and stretching.
Motor neurons arise from the medulla and supply muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate that are involved in swallowing and vocalization.

62
Q

Accessory (XI) Nerve

A

Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles to coordinate head movements.

63
Q

Hypoglossal (XII) Nerve

A

speech and swallowing.

64
Q

Reticular activation system

A

contains sensory axons and maintains conciousness

65
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

left temporal and parietal lobes.

66
Q

Are the cranial nerves part of the CNS

A

no they are part of the peripheral nervous system

67
Q

anacronym for remembering cranal nerves

A

OOO To Tough And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH

68
Q

What are the major parts of the brain

A

brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cerebrum

69
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do

A

Limits the passage of certain material from the blood and brain

70
Q

how is the brain protected

A

cranial bones, meniges and cerebrospinal fluid

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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